MINDSPIRE

IBHRE Calculations Questions and Answers 100% Solved Hertz to BPM Hz (cycles/sec) x (60secs/ 1min)= Cycles/min or BPM example: 1.67hz= how many BPM (1.67 cycles/sec) x (60 secs/1 min)= 100.2 BPM Voltage (Ohms Law) V=I*R V= Voltage is defined as an electromotive force or the force that drives electron flow measured in volts. I= Current is the flow of electrons measured in amperes. R= Resistance is the resistance to current flow measured in ohms. (impedance) Example: What is the volta...

IBHRE CEPS – Anatomy Questions and Answers 100% Solved Bachmann's bundle Preferential path of electrical conduction from the right to left atrium. Atrial muscle. Thebesian Valve Coronary sinus valve. Varies in size/sometimes absent. Eustachian Ridge Attached to the IVC, functions as a valve in utero Parasympathetic Unlike the SA node, which is innervated with both parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation, the AV node is more richly supplied with _______ nerves Tricuspid annulus,...

EP IBHRE misc Questions and Answers 100% Solved Ohm's law expresses a relationship between voltage, current, and resistance as: Voltage = Amps x Resistance (Impedance) The property of an electronic circuit component through which current flows is proportional to the applied voltage is known as: resistance what term is equivalent to 1 J? WATT-SECOND What is the most appropriate band pass setting for bipolar intracardiac electrogram recordings? 40-500 Hz A band-pass filter modifies ...

Random IBHRE Questions and Answers 100% Solved Triggered is associated with digitalis toxicity or elevated interventricular Ca++ levels delayed After depolarization is a mechanism that causes triggered arrhythmias DAD - delayed after depolarization is associated with MI, reperfusion injury, RVOT VT and some A arrhythmias EAD - early after depol is associated with polymorphic VT and VT torsades A signal is what phase in AP phase 0 H signal is what phase in AP between AVN depol & purkinj...

IBHRE Test Questions and Answers 100% Solved Energy Formulas E = V^2/R X T or E = V x I x T or E = I^2 x R x T Capacitance Formula Stored energy = 0.5 x C x V^2 Delivered energy = 0.5 x C x (Vinitial2 - Vfinal2) *note final voltage depends on tachy lead impedance Gauss to Tesla 1 Gauss:10^-4 Tesla 1 Tesla:10000 Gauss Slew Rate V/s atrium <0.5 Vs ventricle 0.75 Vs Permanent Pacing 3 Main Indications 1- symptomatic patient 2-HR <40bpm (no symptoms needed) 3-Asystole >3s...

IBHRE Study: Electronics/Engineering Questions and Answers 100% Solved ePTFE and 80 polyurethane Lead insulation material known for reducing fibroblast in - growth and susceptibility to MIO and ESC Elgiloy Electrode material most likely resulting in higher pacing thresholds and high polarization DFT-Drawn Filled Tube Conductor technology that combines a silver core with high strength metal MP35N0 tantalum electrolytic ICD capacitor that does not require reformation E=V'2 X T ---...

IBHRE Devices Questions and Answers 100% Solved Mode of pacing that best reduces risk of AF starting in patients with sinus node dysfunction AAI Pacemaker Which implantable device used long term increases patient's risk of developing AF VVI What kind of device/lead may cause pocket stimulation Unipolar Cause of lead impedance lowering Insulation problem SVC Syndrome endothelial damage caused by repeated trauma from lead; dyspnea, facial swelling, head fullness, cough, arm swelling ...

IBHRE Questions and Answers 100% Solved Which of the following is described by Ohm's Law? V=IR voltage=current x resistance * Electrophysiologic recorder filters that are sufficient to process intracardiac electrograms must allow passage of frequencies up to: A. 5 Hz B. 50 Hz C. 500 Hz D. 500 kHz E. 50 MHz c. 500 Hz Electrophysiologic recorder filters should have the ability to process 30-40Hz and 400-500Hz * Torsades de Pointes is LEAST likely to occur after administration of whi...

IBHRE Study Questions and Answers 100% Solved most common DC power source battery electric battery current frequency 0 hz what to do to test defibrillator discharge paddles into dummy load/dump the charge joules are a unit of energy grounding a patient vs a chassis patient should be ungrounded, chassis should be grounded heart rate formula 60,000 ms/min / CL in ms resting membrane potential -90 mV, due to K+ ions leaking out ionic transfer in action potential phase 0 = Na+ rushes in ...

IBHRE-1 Test Questions and Answers 100% Solved which lead insulation material is known for reducing fibroblast in-growth ePTFE which lead insulation is succeptible to MIO and ESC 80A Polyurethane what is ESC cracks or crazing that occurs in polyurethane in response to certain chemicals and external stresses what is MIO a polyurethne degradation where moisture and metal ions act as a catalyst to accelerate degradation what lead insulation material improves the ease of extraction ePTFE ...

CRM IBHRE Questions and Answers 100% Solved Rheobase the lowest point on a strength duration curve at an infinitely long pulse duration Chronaxie time the pulse width at twice the rheobase value. It approximates the most efficient stimulation pulse duration Charge (formula) Charge= I(current) x T(time) Energy (formula) Energy(microjoules)= I(current)xVxT Functional Refractory Period the coupling interval which first results in a measurable degree of delay in impulse conduction Effe...

IBHRE Test Questions and Answers 100% Solved Indication for advanced second or third degree AV block associated with symptomatic bradycardia, ventricular dysfunction, or low cardiac output Class I (level evidence C) SND with correlation of symptoms during age appropriate bradycardia Class I (level of evidence B) postoperative advanced second or third degree AV block that is not expected to resolve or that persists 7 days after cardiac surgery Class I (level of evidence B) congenital th...

IBHRE Study Guide: Case Studies Questions and Answers 100% Solved MADIT (Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial) ICD v. Drug therapy. CHF was not a requirement for patient population, though non-sustained VT, low EF, and prior MI were (greater than 3 weeks post). NYHA CLASS I-III. VT inducible through EP study. ICD reduced mortality by 54%. Established for first time that pre no longer had to have a life threatening arrhythmia to qualify for ICD Changed indications for...

Brady IBHRE Test Questions and Answers 100% Solved SA node --(internodal pathway)-> AV node --> AV bundle --> bundle branches --> purkinje fibers what is the order of the conduction system of the heart SVC & IVC ---> RA ---> Tricuspid ---> RV ---> P Valve ---> PA ---> lungs ---> P Veins ---> LA ---> Mitral valve ---> LV ---> Aortic valve ---> Aorta ---> Body What is flow of blood through heart Conductivity- cell to cell communication...

IBHRE CCDS Test Questions and Answers 100% Solved What is the suggested type of antibiotics? Beta-Lactam antibiotics, vancomycin reserved for those with penicillin allerigies What lead insulation material best reduces ingrowth? .ePTFE Which lead insulation material is most susceptible to metal ion oxidation (MIO) and environmental stress cracking (ESC) Poly 80A ESC and MIO Environmental Stress Cracking Metal Ion Oxidation Pros/Cons of Silicone Leads Pros: Longevity, flexible, repaira...

IBHRE Study Material: GTP Trivia Questions and Answers 100% Solved Most common form of SVT AVNRT AVNRT Characteristics 1. prolonged PR interval in the beat that starts reentry 2. HR: 150- 250 bpm 3. neck pounding, palpitations, light-headiness, near-syncope 4. narrow QRS 5. abrupt onset and termination of episodes 6. more common in women 7. frequently presents after age 20 rheobase the lowest point on a strength-duration curve at an infinitely long pulse duration chronaxie time pulse...

IBHRE ATI Practice Test Questions and Answers 100% Solved How many HZ are in bpm? 1 HZ is equal to 60 bpm In what relation are the units microamps and milliamps used in terms of equations? Microamps is a unit of current drain of battery for battery longevity. Milliamps is a unit for ohms law and the energy equation. In the Ohms law equation, what are the units? V=I x R: Volts= mA x kOhms What is the formula for energy? E = V x I x PW and can be converted into E = (V^2 x PW)/R. E is...

IBHRE Surgical Techniques Questions and Answers 100% Solved What are the four pre-operative measures? Informed Consent - The physician must explain the procedure to the patient including presence of risks. Documentation - patient's medical history indicates appropriate indication for device implantation. Lab Work - the patients most recent lab work must be reviewed for electrolyte status and bleeding status. An elevated White blood cell count and evidence of ever could indicate an inf...

IBHRE Study Guide: Equations Questions and Answers 100% Solved Cardiac Output (CO) = Heart Rate (HR) * Stroke Volume (SV) Ejection Fraction (EF) = (End Diastolic Volume (EDV) - End Systolic Volume (ESV)) / EDV Ejection Fraction (EF) = SV / EDV Voltage (V) = Current (I) * Resistance (R) Capacitance (C) [Farads] = Charge (Q) / Voltage (V) Battery Longevity (T) [Time in years] = Charge (Q) / Current (I) * 114 Battery Longevity (T) [Time in years] = Battery Capacity [Amp*hours] / Current Dra...

Ducks Unlimited® Ecology Conservation & Management Certification Review Questions and Answers Which of the following wetlands is dominated by emergent vegetation? A. Marshes B. Bogs C. Swamps D. None of the choices A. Marshes A large plot of land in a grassland ecosystem was converted for agriculture. After four decades of agricultural use the land was abandoned and began to revert to its original grassland state. This is an example of which of the following? A. Primary succe...