Realgrades

What position on the Chair confirmation is the most stable for large groups (lowest energy) ? - correct answer Equatorial -Placing the largest substituents in the equatorial positions usually achieve the greatest stability How do you rank Acids and Bases by charge ? (CARDIO) - correct answer If all other factors are the same (or close to the same) then: -The more positively charged the compound = the more acidic ...

hybridization - correct answer The mixing of atomic orbitals (s,d, p, f) to form new hybrid orbitals sp3 hybridization - correct answer atom has 4 bonds; mixes one s orbital with 3 p orbitals to form 4 sp3 orbitals sp2 hybridization - correct answer atom has 3 bonds; mixes one s orbital with two p orbitals to give 3 sp2 hybrids sp hybridization - correct answer ...

PBr3 / PCl3 - correct answer Replaces alcohol group with Br/Cl. New halogen will have opposite stereochemistry. PCC - correct answer 1' OH: Creates aldehyde. 2' OH: Creates ketone 3' OH: No reaction CrO3 - correct answer Oxidizes 1' and 2' alcohols to ketones. Na2Cr2O7 - correct answer Oxidizes: 1' OH/Benzyl Carbons w/ 1+ H ...

Which reactions results in inversion of configuration? - correct answer Sn2 and E1 The rate of an SN1 reaction is dependent upon __________. - correct answer concentration of substrate The rate of an SN2 reaction is dependent upon __________. - correct answer concentration of nucleophile and substrate The rate of an E1 reaction is dependent upon ____________. - correct answer ...

Toluene - correct answer Electrophile: - correct answer A species that accepts a pair of electrons Nucleophile: - correct answer An electron-rich species that donates electrons *Note: In reactions, the nucleophile is the compound "attacking" Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution (EAS) Reaction: - correct answer A reaction in which an atomic ...

Extraction - correct answer Separates dissolved subs. Based on differential solubility in aqueous vs. organic solvents Water = aqueous layer; ether = organic layer Like dissolves like 3 IMF that affects solubility o hydrogen bonding - ex. Alcohols & acids will move into aq. layer o dipole-dipole interactions - less likely to move in aq. layer o van der Waals (London dispersion) = nonpolar molecules (does not go into aq. layer) when ACID dissociat...

______________________ is the separation of compounds based on boiling point vaporizing and condensing the sample . - correct answer Gas chromatography In Gas Chromatography, does the compound with the highest or lowest boiling point come of fastest? - correct answer lowest Gas chromatography is best for separating what types of compounds? - correct answer volatile (gaseous or easily va...

bromine test - correct answer reagent: Br2/CCl4 tests for alkenes & alkynes (double & triple bonds) positive result: clear (brown disappears) baeyer test - correct answer reagent: dilute KMnO4 tests for alkenes & alkynes (double & triple bonds) positive result: brown precipitate silver nitrate in alcohol - correct answer reagent: AgNO3 in alcohol tests for alkyl halides ...

In a boat conformation, which positions do substituents prefer to occupy? - correct answer Equatorial positions (like chair conformations) Dieckmann condensation - correct answer Intramolecular claisen condensation Reaction of a diester with a base to give a B-ketoester What does the reagent PBr3 do? - correct answer It replaces an OH with a Br Epimers - correct answer ...

Naming Straight Chain Alkanes - correct answer 1 carbon: methane 2 carbons: ethane 3 carbons: propane 4 carbons: butane 5 carbons: pentane 6 carbons: hexane 7 carbons: heptane 8 carbons: octane 9 carbons: nonane 10 carbons: decane 11 carbons: undecane 12 carbons: dodecane Naming Branched Chain Alkanes - correct answer 1. find the longest chain in the compound 2. number the chain 3. name the substituents --...

Reagent used: Ag2O/NH3 or Ag(NH3)2 Functional Group tested: Aldehydes or Alpha-Hydroxy Ketone Positive Results: Sides of flask are coated with a silver mirror - correct answer Tollens' Test Reagent used: I2/ OH- Functional Group tested: Methyl ketones Positive Results: Yellow precipitate forms (CHI3) - correct answer Iodoform Test Reagent used: AgNO3 in alcohol Functional Group tested: Alkyl and allylic halides ...

Rules for undergoing self-aldol condensation - correct answer Be an aldehyde or ketone ; Have at least one alpha proton Deshielded = - correct answer downfield (closest to EN atom) # of peaks = - correct answer # of neighboring H's + 1 More substituted alkene is favored in an... - correct answer elimination reaction Carbocation Stability - cor...

Rank the following aromatic compounds in order of reactivity towards electrophilic aromatic substitution (from most reactive to least reactive): 1. Nitrobenzene 2. Benzene 3. Aniline 4. Methyl benzoate 5. Phenyl acetate a. 3 > 4 > 2 > 5 > 1 b. 3 > 5 > 3 > 4 > 1 c. 4 > 3 > 5 > 2 > 3 d. 1 > 5 > 4 > 2 > 3 e. 1 > 5 > 2 > 4 > 3 - correct answer a. 3 > 4 > 2 > 5 > 1 Which of the fo...

Extraction - correct answer Separates dissolved subs. Based on differential solubility in aqueous vs. organic solvents Filtration - correct answer Separates solids from liquids Recrystallization - correct answer Separates solids based on diff. solubilities; temperature is important Sublimation - correct answer Separates solids based on their ...

PCC to a secondary alcohol - correct answer ketone PCC on primary alcohol - correct answer aldehyde KMnO4 (primary alcohol) - correct answer carboxylic acid Zn/Hg, HCl on Ketone - correct answer alkyl Meta directors - correct answer -SO3H, COOH, -COOR, -CN, -NO2, NR3 (mostly electron withdrawing groups, not all)...

List the carbons 1-10 in order - correct answer methane, ethane, propane, butane, pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane CH3COCH3 - correct answer Acetone; propanone CH3CO2CH3 - correct answer Methyl ethanoate; Methyl Acetate sp3 hybridization - correct answer tetrahedral, 109.5 degrees, single bonds sp2 hybridization - correct answer ...

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Consecutive numbers - correct answer Numbers that follow each other in order Sum of angles in a polygon formula (SAP) - correct answer 180 (n-2) = SAP Average/Mean - correct answer Add numbers up & divide them by how many there are Area & perimeter of a square - correct answer A = s^2 P = 4s First step when variables on each side - correct answe...

Integer - correct answer Any number that does not contain either a fraction, negative, or zero Whole number - correct answer Positive integers or zero Positive numbers - correct answer Any number greater than zero Negative number - correct answer Any number lex than zero Even number - correct answer Any number t...

prime number - correct answer A whole number that has exactly two factors, 1 and itself. product - correct answer The answer in a multiplication problem sum - correct answer The answer in an addition problem perimeter - correct answer Adding all the sides of a shape together. The distance around a figure remainder - correct answer ...