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AQA A Level Chemistry Transition Metals – Colours Questions and Answers Colour of MnO4- (+7 oxidation state) purple Colour of CrO7 2- (+6 oxidation state) orange Colour of V(O2)+ (+5 oxidation state) yellow Colour of VO 2+ (+4 oxidation state) blue Colour of V 3+ (+3 oxidation state) green Colour of Cr 3+ (+3 oxidation state) green/violet Colour of Fe 3+ (+3 oxidation state) yellow Colour of V 2+ (+2 oxidation state) violet Colou...

AQA A level Chemistry Bonding (chemrevise) Questions and Answers What is Ionic bonding? electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely charged ions formed by electron transfer When do metal atoms form an ion with a ve+ charge? when they lose electrons When do non-metal atoms form an ion with a ve- charge? when they gain electrons When is ionic bonding stronger and melting points higher? -ions are smaller -ions have higher charges What is a covalent bond? ...

A-Level Chemistry Atomic structures and isotopes Questions and Answers State what is meant by the term isotopes? Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons. Isotopes of specific element (carbon) have the same chemical properties. Explain why. Same number of electrons in the outer shell. What is the difference between the atomic structures of any given isotopes? You just talk about the number of neutrons present on the isotope. 2) For example, one isotope has...

A Level Chemistry Periodicity Questions and Answers How is the periodic table arranged? By atomic number Define period A horizontal row of elements Define group A vertical column. Elements in a group have similar chemical properties as they have the same number of outer shell electrons Define periodicity A repeating pattern of properties shown across different periods What is the s-block? Groups 1 and 2 What is the p-block? Groups 3-8 What is the ...

A level Chemistry Topic 1 Questions and Answers Define an element Substance made of one type of atom with the same number of protons Define an isotope Atoms which have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons Define an ion Atom which has different number of protons and electrons, with a positive or negative charge Define an orbital Region within an atom that can an electron can be found, holding up to 2 electrons Define the term "Relative At...

AQA A Level Chemistry Year One - Required Practical’s Pt 1 Questions and Answers 1a) Describe how you should weigh out a required mass given a sample bottle 1a) Weigh the sample bottle to 2dp Transfer mass to beaker Reweigh sample bottle Record difference in mass 1a) Describe how you should make up a volumetric solution from a weighed out mass 1a) Add 100cm3 of distilled water to the beaker Stir with a glass rod to dissolve the solid Pour solution into a 250cm3 gradated flask vi...

AQA A-level Chemistry Oxidation and Reduction Questions and Answers Oxidation increase in charge, loss of electrons Oxidising agent electron acceptor is reduced, oxidises another chemical Reduction reduction of charge, gain of electrons Reducing agent electron donor is oxidised, reduces another chemical Oxidation states number describing how many electrons an atom in a chemical bond has lost or gained compared to its elements Oxidation state of uncombined...

How do you test for sulphates? Add dilute HCl and barium chloride solution How do you know if the test result is positive for sulphates? White precipitate formed of barium sulphate How do you test for halides? Add nitric acid and then silver nitrate Which halide dissolves in dilute and conc NH3? Chloride Which halide is not soluble in dilute NH3, but in conc NH3? Bromide How do you know if the test result is positive for halides? Precipitate forms- White ...

OCR A-level chemistry amount of substance Questions and answer What is a mole? the amount of a substance that contains as many particles of that substance as there are atoms in exactly 12g of carbon-12. 1 mole contains the Avogadro number of particles. what is avogadro's number? 6.02 x 10^23 moles= Mass / Mr what is water of crystallisation? water molecules that form an essential part of a crystalline compound what is a hydrated compound? a crystalline comp...

A-level Chemistry Definitions Questions and Answers isotopes atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons atomic (proton) number the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom mass (nucleon) number the number of particles (protons and neutrons) in the nucleus ion a positively or negatively charged atom or (covalently bonded) group of atoms (molecular ion) relative isotopic mass the mass of an atom of an isotope compared with one twelfth of the m...

OCR A level Chemistry Module 3 Questions and Answers Periods Horizontal rows on the periodic table Ionisation The removal of one or more electrons from an atom. First ionisation energy The energy required to remove one electron from each atom in one mole of gaseous atoms to form one mole of gaseous 1+ ions Equation for IE1 of Li Li(g) --> Li+(g) + e- Factors affecting ionisation energy -atomic radius -nuclear charge -electron shielding How does atomi...

AQA A level Chemistry Enthalpy Definitions Questions and Answers Enthalpy change of formation The enthalpy change when one mole of a compound is formed from its constituent elements in their standard states under standard conditions Bond dissociation enthalpy The enthalpy change when all the bonds of the same type are broken in one mole of gaseous molecules Enthalpy change of atomisation of an element The enthalpy change when one mole of gaseous atoms is formed from an element ...

AQA A-Level Chemistry Question Cards Questions and Answers What is meant by activation energy? The minimum energy that a particle must have in order for a reaction to occur; the energy (enthalpy) difference between the reactants and the transition state. What is an aldehyde? An organic compound with the general formula RCHO. What is an alkane and what isthe general formula for the alkanes? A hydrocarbon with C-C and C-H single bonds only. General Formula = CnH2n+2 W...

AQA A-Level Chemistry Past Paper Questions and Answers 1) Shake the final solution in the flask. 2)Ensure the bottom of the (liquid)meniscus is on the graduation mark. 3)Wash the wet rod into the flask. Read the following instructions that describe how to make up a standard solution of a solid in a volumetric flask. Answer the questions which follow. "Take a clean 250cm3 volumetric flask. Use the balance provided and a clean, dry container, to weigh out the amount of solid required. Ti...

AQA A-level chemistry chemical tests Questions and Answers test for Carbon Dioxide (CO2 ) turns limewater milky (sparingly soluble Ca(OH) 2 forms insoluble CaCO3 ) Chlorine (Cl2 ) test bleaches damp litmus paper (Cl2 reacts with water to form HCl and HOCl) Hydrogen (H2 ) test pops with a lighted splint Oxygen (O2 ) test relights a glowing splint Carbonate (CO 3 2- ) test add dilute acid; effervescence, carbon dioxide produced Sulfate (SO4 2- ) test add d...

OCR A Level CHEMISTRY PAPER 1 Questions and Answers Test for carbonates - add dilute HCL - it makes carbon dioxide test for carbon dioxide by bubbling it through lime water Test for ammonium ions -add sodium hydroxide -warm the mixture -hover damp red litmus paper over it , if it turns blue the ions are present Test for sulphate ionz (SO4 2-) - add dilute HCL - then add BaCl2 - BaSO4 is made which is insoluble in water so a white precipitate will be formed Test for...

AQA A-level Chemistry Thermodynamics definitions Questions and Answers Enthalpy of Formation The enthalpy change when one mole of a compound is formed from its constituent elements under standard conditions, all reactants and products are in their standard states. Enthalpy of Combustion The enthalpy change when one mole of substance is burned completely in oxygen under standard conditions, all reactants and products in their standard states. Enthalpy of Atomisation The enthalpy...

AQA A Level Chemistry - Paper 3 Experiments Questions and Answers Make Up a Volumetric Solution 1. Weigh dry weighing boat 2. Place mass of solid into the boat and weigh accurately 3. Pour solid into a beaker. Reweigh empty weighing boat and calculate how much was transferred 4. Add deionised water and stir with glass rod until dissolved 5. Funnel into a volumetric flask 6. Make up to mark with deionised water until bottom of meniscus is on the mark 7. Stopper and invert to mix Ac...

AQA A-Level Chemistry (new spec) 1.1 Atomic Structure Questions and Answers Number of neutrons is worked out by... Subtracting the atomic number from the mass number Define isotopes Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but a different amount of neutrons Isotopes have similar chemical properties because... they have the same electron configuration Isotopes have varying physical properties because... they have different masses Define ions A ch...

AQA A-Level Chemistry Aromatic Chemistry Questions and Answer State the three problems with Kekule's structure 1. C=C bonds are actually all the same length rather than the predicted 3 long single bonds and 3 short double bonds. 2. Benzene doesn't undergo addition reactions which you would expect trienes to readily undergo 3. Enthalpy change of hydrogenation is 152 kJ mol-1 less than expected. What are arenes? Hydrocarbons based on benzene Why do arenes have high melting...