Jonathanmatondo82

The Zambezi river basin drains 8 riparian countries: Angola, Namibia, Zambia, Botswana, Zimbambe, Malawi, Tanzania and Mozambique. The Zambezi river is therefore, an international river basin. It drains an area of about 1,800,00 square km(Okavango Chobe system included).The surface water resources of the Zambezi river basin was assessed on the basis of average typical dry and wet year flow conditions. An overview of the water resources of the Zambezi river basin (surface water only) during the d...

The material covered are as follows: the hydrologic cycle, precipitation (forms, types and formation), measurement and analysis of data. Infiltration measurements and estimation, evaporation evapotranspiration. Groundwater and it's occurance. Runoff, measurement and analysis. Flood routing, rainfall runoff modelling. Floods and frequency analysis.

Abstract It has been established that climate change in the next 100 years will be due to anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. The major effect of the increase of greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere is global warming and thus changes in temperature, precipitation and the environment (IPCC, [1]). A calibrated WatBal model was used in assessing the vulnerability of the surface water resources in Swaziland due to climate change. Two scenarios (dry and wet year) were considered given clim...

PROJECT FINANCIAL ANALYSIS Here we are dealing with investment issues and the components of a project financial analysis are:  Project initial costs  Operation and maintenance costs project  Returns/benefits from the project  Methods of project financial analysis are as follows: o Annual cash flow method  Incremental cash flow  Uniform annual cash flow  Minimum attractive rate of return o Break even analysis  Sensitivity analysis  Expected value  Learni...

The major purpose of water resource projects is to alter the temporal and spatial availability of water and its reliability, to provide the necessary assurance of water when and where needed. In reality once the system is designed constructed and put in operation (for irrigation schemes), often farmers are not supplied with the required water demand. Instead, water supplies become more and a random value. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of increasing quantity or dependa...

This book covers the definition of water resources planning and management. data requirements in the planning of water resources projects. Steps in the planning of water resource projects. Irrigation: definition and history of irrigation. Determination of land suitable for irrigation, and the crop water requirement thus irrigation water quantity. Irrigation water application methods and its structures. Planning of irrigation projects and drainage requirements. urban and industrial water supply. ...

This document starts with the definition of hydrology, the hydrologic cycle, water balance of the earth and of a watershed, the components of the hydrologic cycle. The role of hydrology in the planning of water resources projects. Infiltration, factor affecting the infiltration rate, measurement and estimation of infiltration and how it affects runoff in the streams/rivers. Evaporation and evapotranspiration, measurement and estimation. Runoff and the factors affecting runoff. Runoff measuremen...

Relevant probability statistics, exceedance probability, expectation operator, relevant statistical concepts, extreme events, statistical distribution functions: + The Gumbel distribtion + Log-Pearson type III distribution Relationship between return period and the design flood. Design frequency and safety, Comparison of flood frequency and Design rainfall approaches.

Globally water is unevenly distributed in time and space. In Swaziland the highveld region receives high rainfall ranging from 1200 to 1500mm annually while the lowveld region receives the lowest amount of rainfall ranging from 300 to 500mm annually. The Planning, development and management of water storage and transmission facilities is an attempt to change the spatial and temporal availability of water, to make it available where and when needed. The Government of Swaziland has undertaken the...

Hydrological processes in well covered in this lecture document. The document starts with the definition of the hydrologic cycle, components of the hydrologic cycle. The definition of infiltration and the factors affecting the rate of infiltration. Measurement of infiltration and how it is estimated using Horton and the GreenAmpt equations. Soil moisture content and the factors affecting soil moisture content. Measurement of soil moisture content. Estimation of soil moisture content. This lectur...