Jhaque

Components of contingency contracts specifies the task and who is to perform it and the reward and who is to deliver it contingent on task completion. behavior should always be in the individual's repertoire Task consists of 4 parts: who will perform the task and receive the reward; what the task/behavior the person must perform; when the task must be completed; and how well calls for the specifics of the task Reward who is the person who will judge task completion and deliver th...

Noncontingent reinforcement may effectively decrease problem behavior because: a) Reinforcers that maintain the problem behavior are available freely and frequently. b) Reinforcers that maintain the problem behavior are withheld and made contingent upon the occurrence of alternative behaviors. c) Reinforcers that maintain the problem behavior are presented only when the problem behavior occurs. d) Reinforcers do not maintain the problem behavior presented regardless of the behaviors. ...

Sadie goes to aerobics class on M, W, F. the exercise they do has many steps constituting a behavioral chain. the teacher has everyone do one step many times before moving on and adding another step until the routine is complete. what procedure is this? forward chaining A ____ is a sequence of related behaviors each of which provides the cue for the next behavior until the final behavior which produces reinforcement behavior chain When a behavior chain has ___ ____ the response must ...

A child's tantrums get louder and more intense when extinction begins. This is an example of: Extinction burst A child normally whines for candy. When ignored, he starts hitting. This is: Response variation After tantrums decreased for weeks, they suddenly reappear without reinforcement. This is: Spontaneous recovery A child's old problem behavior reappears after a newer one goes on extinction. This is: Resurgence Which is a key difference between punishment and ext...

differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO) reinforcement is delivered contingent on the problem behavior not occurring through intervals of time (interval) or at specific moments of time (momentary) f ixed-interval DRO to apply, an analyst establishes a standard interval of time; delivers reinforcement at the end of that interval if the problem didn't occur during the interval; and upon any occurrence of the problem behavior, immediately resets the timer to begin a new ...

ASTRONOMY 101 EXAM STUDY GUIDES. COVERING EXAMS 1, 2 AND FINAL EXAM REVISIONSTO HELP YOU PASS YOUR EXAMS.

Is the Universe finite? If space is positively curved, space is finite, but without a boundary. space is negatively curved or flat, space is infinite (unless a boundary or edge is imposed) How can we determine the curvature of the universe? The cosmic microwave background True or False: The Universe is curved to within 2% No, it is flat to within 2% How much of the Universe's density does dark matter take up? 23% True or False: 73% of the Universe's density is co...

The oldest light in the universe, apparent in all directions on the celestial sphere, is known as what? Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation What was the universe like when the light from the previous questions was emitted? like the surface of a star What is cosmology? The study of the origin, evolution, and fate of the universe, based on the principles of mathematics, physics, and observational evidence. What is Olber's paradox? The universe looking bright in every direct...

The processes of plate tectonics are most active on a. Mercury. b. Venus. c. the Earth. d. the Moon. Analysis of lunar samples shows that a. lava flooding in the maria has occurred throughout lunar history. b. lava flooding in the maria occurred only early in lunar history. c. as many impacts occur now as ever have in the past. d. its composition is chemically identical to the Earth's crust. The current best scheme for explaining the Moon's origin involves a. a giant imp...

From center outward, which of the following lists the "layers" of the Sun in the correct order? A) core, corona, radiation zone, convection zone, photosphere, chromosphere B) core, radiation zone, convection zone, corona, chromosphere, photosphere C) core, convection zone, radiation zone, corona, chromosphere, photosphere D) core, radiation zone, convection zone, photosphere, chromosphere, corona Compared to spiral galaxies, elliptical galaxies have are A) redder and flatter B...

The ocean tides of the earth are? attracted to the moon by its gravitational pull - Highest when the moon is full or new Red stars are _____ than blue stars cooler Red stars are supergiant’s Blue stars are hotter than red stars Modern telescopes use mirrors made of glass because glass can be "zero expansion" and doesn't change shape the size of mountains on earth is limited by? Gravity Earth is not a perfect sphere because? its rotation what ...

The light from the dust tail... is reflected sunlight from the dust. The source material for a meteor shower is usually... the debris left behind by a comet. The name of a meteor shower comes from... the constellation closest to the radiant. The asteroid that led to the extinction of the dinosaurs was believed to have 6.8×10^15 kg of mass and a speed of 12 km/s. What is the impact energy associated with the collision with Earth? 4.9x10^23 J The dwarf planet Ceres has a ...

From lecture, how often does the Moon rotate on its axis? The moon completes a revolution every 27.3 days, which is the time it takes for the moon to go through all of its phases. -From lecture, draw and label the Earth, Sun and Moon, indicate the direction of the Moon's orbit, and label New Moon, Waxing Crescent, First Quarter, Waxing Gibbous, Full, Waning Gibbous, Third Quarter, Waning Crescent. From lecture, explain the difference between the sidereal and solar month. Which one is lo...

Which of the following studies is best suited to astronomical observations that fall into the category called time monitoring? -Studying how a star's brightness varies over a period of 3 years. -Measuring the rotation rate of a distant star. -Studying how different planets differ in their surface compositions. -Determining the age of the solar system. Which of the following is not a reason why telescopes tend to be built on mountaintops that are relatively far from cities and are in r...

Each of the following diagrams shows a spaceship somewhere along the way between Earth and the Moon (not to scale); the midpoint of the distance is marked to make it easier to see how the locations compare. Rank the five positions of the spaceship from left to right based on the strength of the gravitational force that Earth exerts on the spaceship, from strongest to weakest. (Assume the spaceship has the same mass throughout the trip; that is, it is not burning any fuel.) Gravity follows an in...

T/F The most abundant element in the Sun is hydrogen. True T/F Neutrinos have never been detected experimentally. False T/F The proton-proton chain releases energy because mass is created in the process. False T/F There are as many absorption lines in the solar spectrum as there are elements present in the Sun. False T/F The density and temperature in the solar corona are much higher than in the photosphere. False The Sun spins on its axis roughly once each a)...

The Sun has an angular diameter of about 0.5◦ and an average distance of about 150 million km. What is the Sun's approximate physical diameter? Compare your answer to the actual value of 1 390 000 km. Given that the Sun has an angular diameter of about 0.5◦ and an average distance of about 150 million kilometers, we can use the angular diameter equation from Mathematical Insight 2.1: θ = d × 360◦ 2πD ,where θ is the angular diameter, d is the physical diameter, and D is the phy...

Asteroid belt between mars and jupiter Meteors shooting stars tiny dust particles or grains less than a centimeter in size occur when asteroid crosses earths orbit Meteorite a piece of meteor that survives atmospheric entry Jupiter less dense but 300x the size of earth small ring system Great red spot giant storm larger than earth that has lasted for 300 years Jupiter's moons more 50 moons Io, europa, ganymede, callisto Terrestrial planets Mercury, Ve...

Local Group The group of about 40 galaxies to which the Milky Way Galaxy belongs. Galaxy Clusters A collection of a few dozen or more galaxies bound together by gravity; smaller collections of galaxies are simply called groups. Superclusters The largest known structures in the universe, consisting of many clusters of galaxies, groups of galaxies, and individual galaxies. Observable Universe The portion of the entire universe that can be seen from Earth, at least in principle. ...

Two Laws of Thermal Radiation 1) (Stefan-Boltzmann law) Each square meter of a hotter object's surface emits more light at all wavelengths 2) (Wien's Law) Hotter objects emit photos with higher average energy. Magnification the ratio of an object's image size to its real size; can blur images if too high or too low Resolution of a telescope amount of detail a telescope allows us to see; the smallest angle over which we can tell that two dots (or two stars) are distinct ...