Study Notes, Summaries, Case Studies, Assignments, Exam Prep & Learning Resources

115. Which actions should the nurse take for a client with a suspected pulmonary embolism? (Select all that apply.) A. Administer oxygen. B. Place in High Fowler’s position. C. Start heparin infusion per protocol. D. Apply sequential compression devices. E. Prepare for a chest X-ray. Answer: A, B, C (Oxygen, positioning, and anticoagulation are priority.) ________________________________________116. A nurse is caring for a client with sepsis. Which findings indicate worsening condition?...

1. A patient on Lisinopril develops a dry cough. The nurse explains this is due to: • A) Bradykinin accumulation (Correct) • B) Hyperkalemia • C) Allergic reaction • Rationale: ACE inhibitors cause cough via bradykinin buildup (A). Allergy (C) would include rash/angioedema. 2. Which patient should avoid metoprolol? • A) A 45-year-old with asthma (Correct) • B) A 60-year-old with hypertension • C) A 55-year-old with atrial fibrillation • Rationale: Beta-blockers (e.g., me...

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10. What happens during exocytosis? A. The cell absorbs fluid B. The cell synthesizes enzymes C. Substances are expelled from the cell in vesicles D. Water moves through the membrane by osmosis Correct Answer: C. Substances are expelled from the cell in vesicles Rationale: Exocytosis is the process of vesicles fusing with the cell membrane to release substances outside the cell. ________________________________________ 11. What is the primary role of mitochondria in drug metabolism at th...

10. A client taking warfarin begins using ginseng and garlic supplements. What is the nurse’s concern? A. Decreased appetite B. Delayed wound healing C. Increased risk of bleeding D. Hyperglycemia Correct Answer: C. Increased risk of bleeding Rationale: Both ginseng and garlic can increase bleeding risk when combined with anticoagulants like warfarin. ________________________________________ 11. A nurse finds a client using leftover antibiotics from a previous illness. What is the most...

10. The nurse needs to convert 1.5 grams of acetaminophen to milligrams. What is the correct dosage? A. 15 mg B. 150 mg C. 1,500 mg D. 15,000 mg Correct Answer: C. 1,500 mg Rationale: 1 g = 1,000 mg → 1.5 g = 1,500 mg ________________________________________ 11. A provider orders potassium chloride 40 mEq in 1,000 mL of D5W to infuse at 100 mL/hr. How many mEq is the client receiving per hour? A. 2 mEq/hr B. 4 mEq/hr C. 5 mEq/hr D. 10 mEq/hr Correct Answer: A. 4 mEq/hr Rationale:...

10. During the planning phase of the nursing process, which goal is most appropriate for a client prescribed a new antihypertensive? A. The client will take the medication for 6 months B. The client will understand the drug’s chemical structure C. The client will verbalize three side effects by discharge D. The client will allow the nurse to give the medication Correct Answer: C. The client will verbalize three side effects by discharge Rationale: This is a SMART goal—specific, measura...

10. A nurse is monitoring for teratogenic effects. Which client is at highest risk? A. A child taking methylphenidate B. A lactating woman on antibiotics C. A pregnant woman on isotretinoin D. An elderly man on multiple antihypertensives Correct Answer: C. A pregnant woman on isotretinoin Rationale: Isotretinoin is a known teratogen. Pregnant women must avoid it due to severe fetal abnormalities. ________________________________________ 11. A nurse is caring for a client receiving high-d...

10. A nurse is reviewing a medication with a narrow therapeutic index. What is the best nursing action? A. Administer as prescribed without delay B. Monitor drug levels closely to prevent toxicity C. Discontinue if the patient reports side effects D. Alternate the dose with food intake Answer: B Rationale: Drugs with a narrow therapeutic range require close monitoring because small changes in dose or blood levels can lead to toxicity. ________________________________________ 11. The nurs...

10. Which of the following describes a receptor site in pharmacodynamics? A. An enzyme that metabolizes drugs B. A chemical that carries the drug to the site of action C. A specific site on a cell where a drug binds to exert its effect D. The organ that excretes the drug Answer: C Rationale: Pharmacodynamics describes how the drug interacts with body systems, including therapeutic effects and mechanisms of action. ________________________________________ 11. A nurse is explaining pharmac...

8. What is the most effective method to prevent the spread of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs)? A. Wearing sterile gloves for all patient contact B. Isolating all patients with fevers C. Hand hygiene before and after patient contact D. Disinfecting all patient belongings Answer: C Rationale: Proper hand hygiene is the single most effective measure to prevent the spread of HAIs. ________________________________________ 9. A nurse educator is teaching about surgical asepsis. Which s...

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10. Which finding would require immediate intervention in the PACU? A. Blood pressure 130/82 mm Hg B. Temperature 97.9°F (36.6°C) C. Oxygen saturation 88% on room air D. Mild incisional discomfort Answer: C Rationale: Oxygen saturation below 90% indicates potential hypoxia and requires immediate assessment and oxygen administration. ________________________________________ 11. A nurse is teaching a patient about signs of postoperative infection before discharge. Which statement by the ...

10. A patient undergoing robotic-assisted surgery asks about benefits. Which response is accurate? A. “The surgeon will not be involved at all.” B. “It will be done entirely by computers.” C. “The robotic system allows greater precision with less incision trauma.” D. “It will take longer and increase your hospital stay.” Answer: C Rationale: Robotic surgery enhances surgeon precision and offers minimally invasive options, often improving recovery and outcomes. ____________...

10. What is the most accurate method to assess fluid balance in a hospitalized patient? A. Assess skin turgor B. Monitor blood pressure C. Measure daily weight D. Check urine color Answer: C Rationale: Daily weight is the most sensitive and reliable indicator of fluid status, especially in patients at risk for volume overload or dehydration. ________________________________________ 11. Which patient is at greatest risk for developing hyponatremia? A. A patient receiving total parenteral...

10. When prioritizing care, which patient should the LPN/LVN see first? A. A stable patient requesting water B. A newly admitted patient with a blood sugar of 42 mg/dL C. A patient requesting discharge instructions D. A patient who needs assistance bathing Answer: B Rationale: A blood glucose of 42 mg/dL indicates hypoglycemia, which is potentially life-threatening and must be addressed immediately. 11. The LPN/LVN is assigned to monitor a postoperative patient. Which finding should the n...

10. A patient shares that they are having trouble sleeping in the hospital due to anxiety. Which response by the nurse demonstrates therapeutic communication? A. “Try not to think about it.” B. “We’ll give you something to help.” C. “Tell me more about what’s keeping you up.” D. “That happens to a lot of people.” Answer: C Rationale: Open-ended, empathetic responses encourage patients to express their concerns and feel heard. ________________________________________ 1...