Lucyjonnes

-Block the bone marrow, bowel and bladder -Sometimes the ovaries and testis Typical Tx Dose: - Answers-Tx Dose: -Non-bulky, Stage 1 and 2: 20-30 Gy -All Stages: Bulky disease (>10 cm in diameter): 30-36 Gy Hodgkin Lymphoma: Abdominal (Periaortic) Portion of the Inverted Y Field: - Answers-Tx Borders: -Superior: approximately mid T-10, with an appropriate gap from the mantle field -Inferior: L4-L5 -Lateral: usually 9-10 cm wide, may encompass the spleen or splenic pedicle) ...

How is non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma classified? - Answers-According to different cellular characteristics and lymph node characteristics. Why is non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma "worse" than Hodgkin's Lymphoma? - Answers-Widely disseminated disease is usually present at time of diagnosis. Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma can be classified as either aggressive (fast-growing) or__________________? - Answers-Indolent (slow-growing). What is the most commonly occurring hematologic cancer? Why has it increased?...

Rationale: Up to 90% of clients respond well to standard treatment with chemotherapy and radiation therapy, and those who relapse usually respond to a change of chemotherapy medications. Survival depends on the individual client and the stage of disease at diagnosis. Why it's not the rest: Investigational therapy regimens would not be recommended for clients initially diagnosed with Hodgkin's disease because of the expected prognosis with standard therapy. Clients usually achieve a signific...

In what kind of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is there increased LDH in? - Answers-In rapidly proliferating and extensive disease, serum uric acid may also be increased List the favourable prognostic factors for high grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma - Answers-Age under 60 years, stage I or II, normal serum LDH, 0 or 1 extranodal sites, a performance status of 0 or 1 List the unfavourable prognostic factors for high grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma - Answers-Age over 60 years, stage III or IV, increase...

What is the most common form of NHL and how does it present? - Answers-Follicular lymphoma (indolent) - asymptomatic, painless, diffuse, long-standing peripheral lymphadenopathy in middle-aged individual or elderly - Bone marrow involvement and disseminated disease is present in majority When should follicular lymphoma be treated? - Answers-only if symptomatic (or high-grade presentation) - alkylating agent - rituximab - steroids What type of lymphoma is small lymphocytic lymphoma? - ...

**What is the bone disease due to in Multiple Myeloma/MGUS? - Answers-Stimulation of osteoclasts and inhibition of osteoblasts What are Plasmacytomas in Multiple Myeloma/MGUS? - Answers-Isolated tumor composed of clonal plasma cells, often occurring on the ribs or other flat bones What kind of lesion should I expect to see in Multiple Myeloma? - Answers-Lytic (NOT blastic) lesions Why are bone scans very low yield in Multiple Myeloma? - Answers-It detects only blastic lesions What is...

Chest x-ray: large mediastinal mass - Answers-Suspect a diagnosis of lymphoma, refer to a surgeon for excisional biopsy of cervical lymph node (FNAB sufficient). Pathology shows Classical Hodgkin lymphoma, nodular sclerosing subtype. What should you look for in the history (if lymphoma is suspected? - Answers-HISTORY — History of the lymph node — when it first appeared, rapidity of growth, any pain — B-symptoms (weight loss, fever, night sweats) — Pruritus, lymph node pain wi...

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) - Answers-1) 2/3 patients greater than 60 years old more in males 2) Rare under 50 years old 3) Most common leukemia in US adults 4) Survival 2-14 years 5) Cells fully mature and abnormal; cells don't die so accumulate in the blood Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia - General Pathophysiology - Answers-1) Derived from B-lymphs 2) Cells fully mature 3) Escape apoptosis (cell death)- increased cells in marrow and circulation Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia - E...

Stage IIIA is treated with: - Answers-radiation therapy and chemotherapy These stages can be cured with high-dose chemotherapy and bone marrow or peripheral stem cell transplant - Answers-some stage IIIB and IV therapy must be _______. - Answers-aggressive This does not contribute to increased survival once a complete remission has been achieved - Answers-maintenance chemotherapy % of risk for secondary cancer at 15 years after tx - Answers-18% Most common types of secondary cance...

1. Follicular lymphoma is the most common form of NHL. - Anwers-ANS: F NHLs can be histopathologically classified as follicular (or nodular) and diffuse, with 40% appearing as follicular and 60% as diffuse. 2. HD can be treated with mantle, para-aortic, and inverted-Y fields. - Anwers-ANS: T HD can be treated with mantle, para-aortic, and inverted-Y fields (sometimes the para-aortic field is included as part of the overall term "inverted-Y"). REF: Chapter 29, Lymphoreticular System Tumor...

Lymphoma - Answers-- There are several types of lymphomas and are distinguished based on the type of lymphocytes in which the cancer has developed, most develop in the body's B cells. - It is cancer that begins in cells of the lymph system. The lymph system is part of the immune system, which helps the body fight infection and disease. Because lymph tissue is found all through the body, lymphoma can begin almost anywhere. Types of Lymphoma - Answers-- The two main types of lymphoma are Hod...

7. Which are possible progressions for the spread of Hodgkin's lymphoma? - Answers-Cervical lymph nodes to axillary lymph nodes Inguinal lymph nodes to cervical lymph nodes Mediastinum lymph nodes to axillary lymph nodes Inguinal lymph nodes to mediastinum lymph nodes 8. Which would be the clinical manifestations in a patient with stage III Hodgkin's lymphoma? - Answers-Spread of the disease to lymph node regions above and below the diaphragm and possible involvement of the spleen ...

what do you have to know about lymphoma in general - Answers-- CA of cell originating from lymphoid lineage - most common hematological malignancy in the US - 2 divisions: Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's [subdivided into indolent, aggressive, and very aggressive; NOT curable w/ indolent, possible curable w/ aggressive and very aggressive] - occurs in men more than women - tobacco use DOES NOT carry any risk - none prevention /screening at this time what are some risk factors for lymphoma...

-Female patients who have received chest radiation therapy should be encouraged to perform regular breast self-examinations. -All patients should be counselled on health habits that may help reduce the risk of cancer and cardiovascular disease, including avoidance of smoking, control of lipids, and the use of sunscreen. -Although splenectomy is uncommon with modern therapy, any patient who has undergone this procedure needs to be counselled about vaccination needs and their long-term risk of ...

treatment of choice for advanced, refractory, or relapsed Hodgkin's lymphoma (stages IIIB and IV) - Answers-Intensive chemotherapy with or without the use of autologous or allogeneic HSCT and hematopoietic growth factors radiation for hodgkins - Answers-Radiation as a supplement varies Depends on Sites of disease Presence of disease after chemotherapy -Response to therapy is determined by PET and CT scans and other diagnostic tests (e.g., bone marrow biopsy). treatment complications...

Hodgkin's Lymphoma features the presence of an abnormal cell called what? - Answers-Reed-Sternberg cell. two groups Hodgkin's Lymphoma is seen in? - Answers-early adulthood 15-40 and older adults over 55. how is Hodgkin's Lymphoma different from NHL? - Answers-arises in single node or chain and spreads first to anatomically contiguous lymphoid tissues. what occurs in NHL as it spreads that does not happen in Hodgkin's Lymphoma? - Answers-extra nodal activity is rare for Hodgkin's L...

Side effects of non-hodgkin's lymphoma treatment - Answers-stomatitis so Modify diet as necessary (bland), Frequent mouth rinses (salt and soda), Artificial saliva, and Topical anesthetics. Nausea and vomiting common so Small, frequent meals (high protein and calorie) and Antiemetics. Diarrhea so Low residue diet and 3L per day of Fluid intake. Irradiated skin care including Clean with mild soap, Apply soothing creams (hydrocortisone 1% for itching), No tight-fitting clothing or harsh fabrics,...

What radiation therapy is used to treat NHL? - Answers-External beam radiation - can be given with chemo - may be the main treatment for some types of lymphoma if found early (stage 1 or 2) - may get whole body radiation - also used a palliative - ease symptoms What Stem cell transplant procedures are used in the treatment of NHL? - Answers-- Autologous SCT: considered a standard treatment under certain circumstances - Allogenic SCT - Adjunctive with high dose chemotherapy and or high b...

lower respiratory infection: pulmonary tuberculosis - Answers-• caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis • may also affect other areas of the body such as skeletal, genitourinary, and central nervous system • usually asymptematic • coin-like lesions seen in the apical region COPD - Answers-most common forms are chronic bronchitis and emphysema • irrev

What is the main cause of emphysema? - Answers-Closely associated with heavy cigarette smoking; chronic bronchitis can be a predisposing factor. How does emphysema show radiographically? - Answers-Signs related are pulmonary overinflation, alterations in the pulmonary vasculature, and bulae formation; all showing a hallmark flattening of the domes