Examverse

PEG required if you cannot - correct answer eat, digest or absorb food due to: esophageal cancer, stroke, major surgery, trauma, burns, anorexia, inflammation of the pancreas; radiation therapy or IBS Ligament of Treitz - correct answer want tube to be below this ligament; want it to pass the ligament of Treitz PEG-J - correct answer Jejunostomy tube, which goes in the jejunum. selection of feeding tubes - correct answer If length of estimated feeding time is greater than 4 week...

What is the difference between Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition? - correct answer Enteral: provision of nutrients into GI tract. Parenteral: provision of nutrients intravenously. Why do we no longer wait for bowel sounds or gas to start enteral nutrition? - correct answer because small bowel motility returns before gastric or colonic motility. What are the proposed benefits of enteral vs parenteral nutrition? - correct answer better gastrointestinal barrier function, maintains gut pH a...

what is malnutrition? - correct answer under or over-nourishment due to lack or excess of food, need or excess of certain necessary elements in the diet and/or abnormal assimilation how many hospitalized patients are malnourished? how many patients develop malnourishment during their hospitalization? - correct answer 50%; 25-30% what are the clinical consequences of malnourishment? - correct answer increased complications, increased length of stay and duration of ICU stay, increa...

Parenteral Nutrition - correct answer Hyperalimentation IV feedings (intra venous) Enteral nutrition - correct answer Tube feedings Alimentation feedings Gut feedings Nutrition support teams - correct answer Physicians - GI doctor, ICU physicians, "hospitalists" Pharmacists - IV compatibilities, electrolytes Nurses - Lines clean, not get septic, teaching pts to go home on these, managing equipment Dietitians - dictate how much is needed (cal, pro, fat, cho), limits; needs mon...

viscosity - correct answer thickness percent of hospital patients suffering from malnutrition - correct answer 30-50% percent of nursing home patients suffering from malnutrition - correct answer 95% how to diagnose malnutrition - correct answer wasting, subcutaneous muscle loss, fat loss, weight change, % of diet consumption, grip strength more cost effective: enteral or parenteral - correct answer enteral length of time for which a nasogastric tube should be used - co...

what does SIRS lead to? - correct answer Increased oxygen and energy demand What does catabolic stress state lead to? - correct answer Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) Hypermetabolic with protein catabolism->skeletal muscle weakness Hyperglycemia Accelerated lipolysis What are risk factors for malnutrition? - correct answer Age Severity of illness End organ dysfunction Comorbidities Hospital length of stay Presence of inflammatory markers Who should be scr...

maintains gut integrity and immune function, prevents bacterial translocation, costs less, safer for the patient - correct answer Why is it important to use enteral nutrition if at all possible? gut atrophy, bacterial translocation, severe complications, lacking some nutrients, costs more - correct answer What are the negatives of parenteral nutrition? nonfunctional GI tract, massive small bowel resection, severe diarrhea, intractable vomiting, acute severe pancreatitis, malnutrition...

What are the two types of nutritional support? - correct answer enteral nutrition (EN) --any feeding method that uses the GI tract to deliver partial or full caloric requirements parenteral nutrition (PN) --nutrition that is administered directly into the bloodstream in patients who cannot eat or receive tube feedings What are the components of PN? - correct answer macronutrients --dextrose (carbs) --protein (amino acids) --lipid (fats, IVFE) --fluid micronutrients --electrol...

The follosing statement(s) characterize recent changes in the intensive care unit (ICU) population: a. higher acuity with longer ICU length of stay (LOS) b. increased incidence of sepsis c. heightened severity of illnesss create more difficulty for nutritional provision d. all of the above - correct answer d. all of the above In additiion to an elevated heart rate (>90beats/min), clinical signs of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) include all of the following except: a....

When is it appropriate to use Enteral Nutrition (Tube Feeding)? - correct answer - there is normal function of the GI tract w/ adequate absorption surface - inability to ingest food normally - neurological problems - obstruction (fistulas) - coma - physiologic deterrents to eating (e.g. fractured jaw) - psychiatric illness - dysphagia What are some factors to consider when using Enteral Nutrition? - correct answer - cost containment - osmolality of tube feedings (high osmolality wil...

CNSC Practice

Why are gasoline and volatile solvents objectionable when present in a sewer? - correct answer They produce an explosion hazard You should never attempt to install, maintain, repair or replace electrical equipment panels, controls, wiring or circuits unless - correct answer You know what you are doing, are qualified and are authorized What are the different areas of traffic zones? - correct answer Advance Warning Area, Transition Area, Activity Area (buffer space and work space), Ter...

Sewer maintenance vehicles are - correct answer difficult to maneuver At low concentrations, hydrogen sulfide smells like - correct answer Rotten Eggs which safety hazard in a collection system operations can be detected by an insturment? - correct answer Toxic Gases What must be checked first before entering a manhole? - correct answer Proper barricades or warning devices around manhole. When should field crews use signs and cones? - correct answer When over half the stree...

Why are gasoline and volatile solvents objectionable when present in a sewer? - correct answer They produce an explosion hazard You should never attempt to install, troubleshoot, maintain, repair, or replace electrical equipment unless: - correct answer You know what you are doing, are qualified, and are authorized. How many different areas of traffic zones are there when working in roadways? - correct answer Five Why should hydrogen sulfide be controlled? - correct answer To protec...

A Flagger should Stand? A. On the shoulder adjacent to traffic being controlled B. In the closed lane before stopping vehicle traffic C. In the traffic lane. D. As stated in "A" or "B" above. - correct answer D. As stated in "A" or "B" above. Legally responsible officials are required to report category 1 sanitary sewer overflows? A. Within 30 days B. Before end of the day C. As soon as possible D. Within 2 hours - correct answer D. Within 2 hours When working in confined...

If the potential difference across the coil is low, the coil will: A-draw too much current B-become too hot C-Produce too much magnetic force D-not heat up - correct answer D-not heat up The NEC identifies environments that contain flammable vapors and gases as which class of hazardous location? A-Class I B-Class II C-Class III D-Class IV - correct answer A-Class I Which of the following reduces high voltages and currents to save values for measurements? A-auto transformer B-m...

Confined Space - correct answer A space that: -is large enough to enter and work. -has limited or restricted means for entry. -is not designed for continuous occupancy. Hot Work Permit - correct answer An employer's written authorization to perform work capable of providing a source of ignition. Inerting - correct answer A form of purging or ventilating a confined space where an inert gas (such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide or argon) is used to displace the atmosphere in a confined...

Receiving job instruction and planning equipment use are part of: a. craft data. b. job preparation. c. work factors. d. leveled time. - correct answer b. job preparation Anticipating other tasks or problems: a. usually creates additional problems. b. wastes time. c. sharply reduces the number of emergencies. d. often is not worth the effort. - correct answer c sharply reduces the number of emergencies Making job planning a group effort: a. wastes time. b. improves productivi...

What is PPE Category 1? - correct answerArc-Rated clothing, Minimum Arc Rating of Arc 4 cal/cm2 arc-rated long sleeve shirt and pants or overall Parshall Flume Measurement point? 1.2 FT Water Height 20.8xH at measurement point - correct answerPossible answer:72,607 MGD Absoulte Pressure Gauge? What is True? - correct answerPossible answer: Read more accurate or 14.7 PSI higher Flow meter that uses electrodes is? - correct answerMagnetic Flow Meters What is the resister color co...

An industry operating an 8-hour shift, 5 days per week, generates 100,000 gallons of wastewater per shift. Their pretreatment system has a capacity of 150 gallons per minute. How long must the pretreatment facility operate to process the wastewater generated each day? - correct answer 11.1 hours An industry has five sewer connections with the following discharge rates: 1) 300 gpd, 2) 75 gpd, 3) 725 gpd, 4) 1,200 gpd, 5) 200 gpd A flow-weighted composite sample of 5 liters is desired. How man...