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abiotic - correct answer -non-living autotroph - correct answer -An organism that makes its own food. asexual reproduction - correct answer -a reproductive process that involves only one parent and produces offspring that are identical to the parent biotic - correct answer -living biosphere - correct answer -Consists of all life on Earth and all parts of the Earth in which life exists, including land, water, and the atmosphere. cell specialization - correct answer -Cells throughou...

what is the equation for cellular respiration? - correct answer -C6 H12 O6= 6CO2 +6H2O Where doe glycolysis take place? - correct answer -The cytoplasm what does glycolysis begin with? - correct answer -glucose What do you end up with at the end of glycolysis? - correct answer -2 pyruvic acids What is the overall production of ATP and net gain of ATP in glycolysis? - correct answer -4 Total and 2 net What step is after glycolysis if oxygen is present? - correct answer -Krebs Cycle...

Where does DNA replication occur? - correct answer -In the nucleus When does DNA replication occur? - correct answer -During the "S" phase before meiosis Why is it important for DNA to replicate before cell division? - correct answer -It is important for DNA to replicate before cell division so the cell to have the correct number of chromosomes for new cells. Complementary Base Pairing in a DNA molecule - correct answer -The rule that Adenine and Thymine must always be paired together...

What was the key finding from Griffith's experimants using live and heat-killed pathogenic bacteria? - correct answer -Genetic material can be transferred from dead to live bacteria. Which of the following is not a component of DNA? - correct answer -The pyrimidine uracile Chargaff studied the composition of DNA from different sources and found that - correct answer -the proportions of A equal that of T and G equals C. The bonds that hold two complementary strands of DNA together are -...

Proteins that act as catalysts; or a protein that functions as a catalyst for a chemical reaction. - correct answer -Enzymes Substances that regulate the rate of chemical reactions but do not unite permanently with reactants - correct answer -Catalysis Heat, acids, and bases break the weak hydrogen bonds holding the protein together. This ruins the unique shape of the protein in a process called....? - correct answer -Denaturation The region of the enzyme where contact is made between t...

Two types of crust - correct answer -Oceanic and continental More dense, thinner type of crust - correct answer -Oceanic Less dense, thicker type of crust - correct answer -Continental Minerals of crust - correct answer -Low density silicate minerals, O, Si, Al, K Moho - correct answer -Mohorovicic Discontinuity, separates crust from mantle Mantle - correct answer -Most of planet, high density silicate minerals (O, Si, Mg, Fe, Ca), density = 3.4g/cm3, upper ~100km is strong/rigid/...

How old is the Earth? - correct answer -4.6 Billion years old In Geology we are interested in which three activities? - correct answer -past, present, future How long ago was the "Big Bang"? - correct answer -14 Billion years Principle of Uniformitarianism - correct answer -Earth processes occurring today are similar to those that occurred in the past Name the two types of crust - correct answer -Continental and oceanic How thick is the continental crust? - correct answer -40km ...

What characteristics would the ideal paleoclimate proxy have? - correct answer -A long term continuous quantitative record of key climate variables at all time scales over as wide a spatial range as possible. It never happens this way. If it grows millions of years, seasonal change, or quantitiative. Which of the following is not likely to be a useful paleoclimate proxy? - correct answer -you need something that has the ability for the need for age control. So look for what is telling you abo...

The Earth's upper mantle is mainly made of peridotite, an ultramafic igneous rock with lots of olivine crystals. Which type of magma can be produced when the upper mantle undergoes decompression melting of the upper mantle peridotite at mid-ocean ridges? - correct answer -Basaltic Seismic studies of the earth have shown that the platnet's interior is made of a few layers with distinct seismic signatures and chemical compositions. The major layers of the planet include (from innermost to the...

Metamorphic Rock - correct answer -mineralogy, texture and/or composition has changed due to pressure, temperature and/or fluids (and enough time) Metasomatic Rock - correct answer -A metamorphic rock whose whole bulk chemical composition was altered during interaction with fluids Role of Pressure - correct answer -a result of overlying weight and/or horizontally oriented forces developed as the rocks are deformed. Greater weight tends to decrease space available for mineral growth, so the...

water-saturated sediment - correct answer -seismic wave amplitudes are largest in what material? South Africa - correct answer -based on your knowledge of plate tectonics, which of the following countries has the least hazard of earthquakes? P wave - correct answer -A type of seismic wave that compresses and expands the ground. S waves - correct answer -A type of seismic wave that moves the ground up and down or side to side outer core convection and spinning of the Earth on its axis...

Bowens reaction series tells us that mafic minerals such as olivine and pyroxene crystallize from a magma chamber at relatively higher temperatures than felsic minerals such as K-feldspar and quartz. If a magma chamber undergoes fractional crystallization during cooling, the remaining magma should be_________ than the parent magma. - correct answerMore felsic The Earth's upper mantle is mainly made of peridotite, an ultramafic igneous rock with lots of olivine crystals. Which type of magma c...

The oldest minerals on earth are about 4 billion years old. The accepted age of earth (4.56 Ga) is based on the - correct answer -the age of meteorites which are thought to have formed at the same time as the earth Which of the following is true of lithospheric plates on earth - correct answer -Lithospheric plates consist of upper mantle and crust Plates can join together and break apart The move at a rate of 3-10 cm a year The ______________ of the crust differs from that of the mantle ...

The Earth's mantle is almost entirely A. solid B. liquid C. gas D. plasma - correct answer -A. solid What is the elemental composition of the Earth's inner core? A. Fe, Ni B. O, S, Mg, Fe C. Fe, Ni, S, K D. Ni, S, O, Al - correct answer -A. Fe, Ni Which of the following best characterizes the change that occurs at the boundary between the lithosphere and asthenosphere? A. The asthenosphere has a higher magnesium content B. The asthenosphere flows more easily C. The asthenosphe...

Stress - correct answer --Force per unit area that causes rocks to deform -units are Pascals -EX. confining and/or directed pressure Strain - correct answer -Amount of deformation expressed as a % of distortion Strength - correct answer --Rocks break when they fail, strength is exceeded -units are Pascals Why is knowing rock strength important? - correct answer --Design of tunnels, overpasses, roads, buildings -Integral for understanding how/where to drill, blast, design, construct ...

If a magma chamber undergoes fractional crystallization during cooling, how will the remaining magma differ from the parent magma? - correct answer It will be more felsic What type of magma can be produced when upper-mantle peridotite undergoes decompression along mid-ocean ridges? - correct answer basaltic Mineral - correct answer -Naturally ocurring -inorganic element or compound -has an orderly internl structure and characteristic chemical composition, crystal form, and physical prope...

What is the age of our solar system? - correct answer -4.6 Ga In which layer of the earth could you most likely find O, S, Fe, Ni? - correct answer -Outer Core In which layer of the earth could you most likely find Fe, Ni? - correct answer -Inner Core In which layer of the earth could you most likely find O, Ca, Mg, Si, Al, Fe? - correct answer -Mantle Which part of the earth has a density of 8.0 g/cm^3? - correct answer -Core Which part of the earth has a density of 3.0 g/cm^3? -...

What is the principle of superposition? - correct answer -In a sequence of undisturbed layered rocks, the oldest rocks are on the bottom. What is the principle of horizontality? - correct answer -1. Layered strata are deposited under the influence of gravity as horizontal or nearly horizontal or nearly parallel to the Earth's surface What is the principle of faunal succession? - correct answer -Sedimentary strata in an outcrop contain fossils in a definite "time" sequence. The same sequ...

Radiocarbon is formed in ____________________. - correct answer -The upper atmosphere by N14 reacting with radiation. What climate variable might "clumped isotopes" measure? - correct answer -Temperature What are "clumped" isotopes? - correct answer -A temperature dependent affinity for heavy isotopes boned to other heavy isotopes. 100% universal, pure temperature proxy. Calculate temp within a degree. Split second reorganization of the crystal as it pops into the lattice. Temperature ...

Climate - correct answer -Average weather patterns in a particular area over the course of a year Greenhouse gases - correct answer -Gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, water vapor, and ozone in the atmosphere which are involved in the greenhouse effect. Greenhouse effect - correct answer -1. Earth absorbs sunlight's energy. 2. The Earth also emits energy (helping it to cool down) 3. When this balance (radiative balance) is thrown out of whack by gases such as methane, t...