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T/F - People with periodontal disease are 1.5-2 times as likely to suffer a fatal heart attack and 3 times as likely to suffer a stroke - ANS True T/F - Diabetic patients with severe periodontitis have difficulty maintaining normal blood sugar levels - ANS True T/F - Infected oral tissues can be inhaled into the lungs - ANS True T/F - Individuals with artificial joints and heart valves are at an increased risk of suffering as serious infection when periodontal bacteria...

What makes up the periodontium - ANS Gingiva PDL Cementum Alveolar bone Function of the gingiva - ANS Provides seal around cervical third Covers alveolar processes Holds tissue against tooth during mastication Functions of the PDL - ANS Suspends and maintains tooth in socket Sensory Nutritive Formative Resorptive Function of cementum - ANS Anchors ends of the PDL fibers to tooth Protects dentin Function of alveolar bone - ANS Surround and su...

Gingivitis has clinical signs and symptoms, but no radiographic signs. A. True B. False - ANS A Chronic inflammation is a pathological condition characterized by tissue destruction. In chronic inflammation, the inflammatory process and becomes so intense that it inflicts permanent damage. (A) The first phrase is true, the second in false (B) The first phrase is false, the second is true (C) Both phrases are true (D) Both phrases are false - ANS C The current perspective o...

T or F: Plaque biofilm control records can be used to record a patient's plaque control over time. These records can also be used as educational and reinforcement tools. - ANS both statements true A major environmental factor that increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus is: - ANS obesity Nonkeratinized, loosely attached, and movable tissue that begins at the mucogingival junction is: - ANS alveolar mucosa All of the following systemic conditions have...

All of the following are components of the den- tal hygiene process except one. Which one is the exception? a.Assessment b. Dental diagnosis c. Treatment planning d. Implementation e. Evaluation - ANS b. Dental diagnosis Which one of the following reasons is important for determining the individual goals for periodontal patient care? a. Establishes a rapport with the patient b. Emphasizes the need for prevention in the care of the patient c.Identifies the purpose for treating t...

Which tissue makes up the periodontium? A: Enamel, Cementum & PDL B: Gingiva, Cementum, Alveolar Bone & PDL C: Gingival connective tissue, cementum & alveolar bone D: Cementum, blood vessels and alveolar bone - ANS B: Gingiva, Cementum, Alveolar Bone & PDL What structure does NOT serve as an attachment site for collagen fibers of the PDL? A: Cementum B: Enamel C: Alveolar Bone - ANS B: Enamel Which of the following is NOT one of the 5 functions of the PDL? A: Suspends t...

What could be causing a 6 mm pocket on the mesial of tooth #5 at a re-evaluation appointment? - ANS Mesial root concavity Which type of subgingival plaque is associated with chronic periodontal disease? - ANS Tissue attached plaque Which PDL fiber group is the 1st to be destroyed during gingivitis? - ANS None (Subgingival fibers are destroyed; not PDL fibers) When gram negative bacteria die they release... - ANS Endotoxin (LPS) What are three characteristics o...

What are periodontal diseases? - ANS Gingivitis and Periodontitis What is a classification of periodontal disease that is described as a bacterial infection of all of the parts of the periodontium? - ANS Periodontitis What are examples of periodontal diseases? - ANS Dental plaque- induced gingival diseases, gingival disease modified by medications and chronic periodontitis What is a classification of periodontal disease that is described as a group of periodontal diseases that are...

Explain how tectonic processes lead to the formation of an underwater volcano - ANS divergent plates / description ; hot gases / molten rock / lava / magma + rises / erupts ; lava cools / solidifies / hardens to form rock ; Describe the mutualistic relationship between these algae (zooxanthellae) and the coral. - ANS any 3 of: algae photosynthesise ; produce oxygen / glucose / sugars / carbohydrates / organic compounds / amino acids for coral ; corals provide protection fo...

How many controlled variables need to be discussed in the AICE Exam? - ANS 2 You are asked to design an experiment to test the hypothesis that the rate of photosynthesis of an aquatic plant increases as light intensity increases. Identify which of the following variables are controlled, dependent, or independent: LIGHT INTENSITY - ANS Independent Variable Why is it important that an experiment include a control group? - ANS Without a control group, there is no basis f...

Explain what is meant by the term "ecosystem" and give an example. - ANS The living organisms and the physical and chemical factors which influence them. Rocky shores along with the organisms living there Explain what is meant by the term "habitat" and give an example. - ANS The place where organisms live. (Hydrothermal vents allow for species such as tube worms and other specialized organisms to survive. Explain what is meant by the term "ecological niche" and give an ex...

Primary producers - ANS fix carbon, in the process of photosynthesis, making organic substances which are then made available to higher trophic levels. Primary producers in marine ecosystems - ANS phytoplankton, larger algae such as Sargassum, and flowering plants such as the sea grasses. Function of sea grasses - ANS provides food for primary consumers, a habitat for many other organisms, and shelter for juvenile fish. help to reduce water current speed and increase sedi...

how do plates move - ANS the unequal heating of magma what are the different types of boundaries - ANS divergent, convergent, transform what are divergent boundaries - ANS when plates move away from each other how are ridges formed - ANS two plates pull apart and rises magma cool off how are trenches formed - ANS when two plates push together one subducts under the other what are convergent boundaries - ANS two plates move toward one another ...

Erosion - ANS the removal of rock/particles moved by action of waves/wind/rain Deposition/Sedimentation - ANS the dropping/depositing/accumulating of rock/particles by waves/wind Plate Tectonic Theory - ANS -Earth's crust/lithosphere is made of plates -Continents lie on plates -Plates are moving slowing on top of asthenosphere -Plates move do to convection currents in the asthenosphere -Plates meet at boundaries; convergent divergent and transform -Plate movement ca...

change| / initial x 100 - ANS How to find Percent Change based on the collection of data by observation and experimentation and the formulation of hypotheses - ANS Scientific method Def a proposed explanation for an observed phenomenon, which can then be rigorously tested using scientific method - ANS Hypothesis manipulated (x-axis) - ANS Independent variable measured (y-axis) - ANS Dependent variable variable that stays the same - ANS Control V...

and convergent boundaries - ANS plates that come together, possibly forming subduction zones therefore forming ocean trenches, volcanic activity, trenches, and earthquakes (->tsunamis) divergent boundaries - ANS plates going apart, causing seafloor spreading and forming volcanoes, mid-ocean ridges, abyssal plains, and hydrothermal vents transform boundaries - ANS plates moving in opposite directions, frequently causing earthquake activity ocean trenches - ANS ...

Topic 2 (a) Ecosystem - ANS Living organisms and the physical and chemical factors which influence them Topic 2 (a) Habitat - ANS The place where organisms live Topic 2 (a) Population - ANS Organisms of the same species, able to interbreed with one another Topic 2 (a) Community - ANS All the different species living in a habitat at the same time Topic 2 (a) Species - ANS Group of similar organisms that can interbreed Topic 2 (a) Biodiversit...

How to do a Lab-based experiment (Scientific Experiment Method) - ANS - IV/DV -Control Group -Experimental Group -Lab setting -30 in each group -Constants -How long it took to do the experiment -Measurements Ecosystem - ANS living organisms and the physical and chemical factors which influence them (abiotic and biotic components) Example: A rocky shore Habitat - ANS the place where organisms live Example: the area surrounding a hydrothermal vent Population - A...

Trophic level - ANS "feeding level" in a food chain or food web primary producer - ANS autotrophs (self feeders) ex: phytoplankton primary consumer - ANS herbivores feed directly on primary producer secondary consumer - ANS carnivores that feed on herbivores tertiary consumer - ANS carnivores that feed on other carnivores top predators - ANS carnivores at the top of the food chain succession - ANS gradual change in an ecosystem tha...

Paper 1 - AS Level Theory Time - ANS 1 hour 45 minutes, 75 marks All four papers assess - ANS • knowledge and understanding in a context that is directly from a syllabus learning outcome • application of knowledge and understanding of syllabus learning outcomes to an unfamiliar context • the handling and application of information in familiar and unfamiliar contexts using different types of presentation (drawings, tables, graphs or numerical data) • the mathemat...