NURSING EXAMS AND STUDY GUIDES

The nurse is planning to initiate a socialization group for older residents of a long-term facility. Which information would be most useful to the nurse when planning activities for the group? A. The length of time each group member has resided at the nursing home. B. A brief description of each resident's family life. C. The age of each group member. D. The usual activity patterns of each member of the group. - ANSWER: D An older person's level of activity is a determining factor in ad...

A client experiencing uncontrolled atrial fibrillation is admitted to the telemetry unit. Which initial medication should the nurse anticipate administering to the client? Xylocaine. Procainamide. Phenytoin. Digoxin. - ANSWER: Digoxin. Digoxin is administered for uncontrolled, symptomatic atrial fibrillation resulting in a decreased cardiac output. Digoxin slows the rate of conduction by prolonging the refractory period of the AV node, thus slowing the ventricular response, decreasing...

The nurse is providing care to a client after a percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). What actions will the nurse include in the client's plan of care? (Select all that apply.) - ANSWER : A.Frequent vital signs. B.Determine if the client is allergic to aspirin. D.Offer fluids of choice. F.Monitor infusion of IV nitroglycerine. In assessing a client diagnosed with primary aldosteronism, the nurse expects the laboratory test results to indicate a decreased serum level of wh...

The nurse is assisting a client out of bed for the first time after surgery. What action should the nurse do first? - ANSWER : Allow the client to sit with the bed in a high Fowler's position. Rationale The first step is to raise the head of the bed to a high Fowler's position, which allow venous return to compensate from lying flat and the vasodilation effects of perioperative drugs. This helps prevent the client from becoming light-headed and decreases the chance of a client fall. A...

The nurse is assessing a client's laboratory values following administration of chemotherapy. Which lab value leads the nurse to suspect that the client is experiencing tumor lysis syndrome (TLS)? A. Serum PTT of 10 seconds B. Serum calcium of 5 mg/dl C. Oxygen saturation of 90% D. Hemoglobin of 10 g/dl - ANSWER: B. Serum calcium of 5 mg/dl. TLS results in hyperkalemia, hypocalcemia, hyperuricemia, and hyperphosphatemia. A client is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of...

The nurse is preparing to assist a client with a cuffed tracheostomy tube to eat. What intervention is the priority before the client is permitted to drink or eat? - ANSWER : Inflate the cuff Rationale: If a client with a tracheostomy is allowed to eat and the tracheostomy has a cuff, the nurse should inflate the cuff to prevent aspiration of food or fluids. The cuff would not be deflated because of the risk of aspiration. The nurse has implemented a bowel maintenance program for an uncons...

A female client with a nasogastric tube attached to low suction states that she is nauseated. The nurse assesses that there has been no drainage through the nasogastric tube in the last 2 hours. Which action should the nurse take first? A. Irrigate the nasogastric tube with sterile normal saline. B. Reposition the client on her side. C. Advance the nasogastric tube 5 cm. D. Administer an intravenous antiemetic as prescribed. - ANSWER: B. The priority is to determined if the tube is functio...

A client with a productive cough has obtained a sputum specimen for culture as instructed. What is the best initial nursing action? A. Administer the first dose of antibiotic therapy B. Observe the color, consistency, and amount of sputum C. Encourage the client to consume plenty of warm liquids D. Send the specimen to the lab for analysis - ANSWER: B. Observe the color, consistency, and amount of sputum A client is brought to the ED by ambulance in cardiac arrest with cardiopulmonary r...

Which description of symptoms is characteristic of a client diagnosed with trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux)? A) Tinnitus, vertigo, and hearing difficulties. B) Sudden, stabbing, severe pain over the lip and chin. C) Facial weakness and paralysis. D) Difficulty in chewing, talking, and swallowing. - ANWER: B) Sudden, stabbing, severe pain over the lip and chin. Trigeminal neuralgia is characterized by paroxysms of pain, similar to an electric shock, in the area innervated by one o...

When describing patient education approaches, the nurse educator would explain that informal teaching is an approach that a. follows formalized plans b. has standardized content c. often occurs one-to-one d. addresses group needs - ANSWER: C. Informal teaching is individualized one on one teaching which represents the majority of patient education done by nurses that occurs when an intervention is explained or a question is answered. Group needs are often the focus of formal patient educat...

What instruction should the nurse include in the discharge teaching plan of a client who had a cataract extraction today? a. sexual activities may be resumed upon return home b. light housekeeping is permitted but avoid heavy lifting c. use a metal eye shield on operative eye during the day d. administer eye ointment before applying eye drops - ANSWER: b. light housekeeping is permitted but avoid heavy lifting A male adult comes to the urgent care clinic 5 days after being diagnosed with ...

The nurse is assessing a 48-year-old client with a history of smoking during a routine clinic visit. The client, who exercises regularly, reports having pain in the calf during exercise that disappears at rest. Which of the following findings requires further evaluation? 1. Heart rate 57 bpm. 2. SpO2 of 94% on room air. 3. Blood pressure 134/82. 4. Ankle-brachial index of 0.65. - ANSWER: 4 An Ankle-Brachial Index of 0.65 suggests moderate arterial vascular disease in a client who is exp...

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Hydrophilic - ANSWER: Having an affinity for water. Hydrophobic - ANSWER: substances that are not soluble in water. Hydrophobic substances include large, uncharged particles like fats and oils solvent - ANSWER: A liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances Solute - ANSWER: A substance that is dissolved in a solution. Adhesive - ANSWER: Having the ability to stick to other surfaces. Cohesive - ANSWER: having the ability to stick together Heat of Vaporization - ANSWER...

completion of four complete PCR cycles? - ANSWER: 16 What is the function of DNA polymerase in the process of PCR? - ANSWER: It recognizes the primers and uses the available dNTPs to replicate the template DNA sequence. What are possible blood types of the parents of a patient with blood type AB? - ANSWER: A and B 115 116 117 118 − Amino Acid Number Tyr Gly Thr Pro − Amino Acid Sequence TAC GGG ACA CCA − DNA Sequence What is the amino acid in position 118 that results from...

Assuming 100% reaction efficiency, how many DNA copies are created after the completion of four complete PCR cycles? - ANSWER: 16 What is the function of DNA polymerase in the process of PCR? - ANSWER: It recognizes the primers and uses the available dNTPs to replicate the template DNA sequence. What are possible blood types of the parents of a patient with blood type AB? - ANSWER: A and B 115 116 117 118 − Amino Acid Number Tyr Gly Thr Pro − Amino Acid Sequence TAC GGG ACA CCA ...

transcription - ANSWER: when DNA info is needed, the cell makes RNA copy of the DNA to send to the rest of the cell what are the workhorses of the cell? - ANSWER: proteins what is the central dogma of molecular biology? - ANSWER: the understand that DNA is used to make RNA and RNA is used to make proteins. what is nucleic acid made of? - ANSWER: made up of monomers called nucelotides what are nucleotides made up of? - ANSWER: phosphate, pentose sugar, nitrogen base Where is DNA lo...

1. The polymerase chain reaction is a tool used to study protein structure. True False - ANSWER:False Feedback PCR is a tool used to amplify a specific segment of DNA. What color is the primer in the following diagram? Red Purple Blue - ANSWER:Red Feedback Recall from the section on DNA replication that DNA polymerase needs a primer to begin DNA synthesis. This requirement means the primers will direct the DNA polymerase to only synthesize complementary strands of the target ...

Which mRNA sequence results in a polypeptide that contains three amino acids? - ANSWER: 5' - CUU GAU ACU UAG - 3' Which RNA sequence would end in the following polypeptide? Phe-Thr-Val-Stop - ANSWER: 5' - UUC ACA GUA UAA - 3' What is the complementary sequence for the following DNA sequence? 5' - GCC ATC TCG AAT - 3' - ANSWER: 5' - ATT CGA GAT GGC - 3' Assuming 100% reaction efficiency, how many DNA copies are created after the completion of four complete PCR cycles? - A...

Hemophilia Pedigree - Father has hemophilia, mother does not. What is the outcome for their kids? - ANSWER - His daughters would be carriers. This is x-link recessive. Autosomal: Dominant: - ANSWER - Autosomal: males and females equally affected. Dominant: non-carrier parents polymerase chain reaction (PCR) - ANSWER - The process of copying DNA in the lab. Uses Template DNA, Nucleotides (dNTPS), DNA Polymerase, and DNA primers. 3 Steps of PCR - ANSWER - 1. Denaturation: DNA is heated...