Brainarium

UNIT 4: FLUIDS / ELECTROLYTES  Electrolyte: Ions found in body fluids (Blood, Interstitial fluid, Intracellular fluid) essential for nerve conduction, muscle contraction, hydration, pH balance, and many metabolic processes.  TIP!!! Where Fluids Flow, Electrolytes Go!  TIP!!! Anything that depletes water or fluid (like Vomit, Urination, Diarrhea or Sweating) will all deplete Electrolytes.  Intracellular Fluid (ICF): Fluid that’s inside the cell  Major electrolytes: Potassi...

Medication Administration • Drug Classification o Prescription and OTC o Generic name or Trade/Brand name • Legal o Nurses must have physician orders o Controlled substances = CASPER  system tracking in KY o US legislation – keeps drugs on or off the market o State laws – restrictions on certain OTC drugs • Drug Effects o Side effects – (secondary effect) Expected and treated; may be harmless or potentially harmful o Adverse reactions – (adverse effects) aren’t exp...

Nursing ProcessADPIE: Assessment- info gathered (subjective/objective data) • Primary data – Patient interview • Secondary data - Medical record/close relative • Subjective data - Symptoms/health history • Objective data – Signs/physical examination/lab results/diagnostic test results • Recognize cues Diagnosis – Analyze cues/cluster related data/identify nursing diagnosis • List supporting data: o Etiology (cause or origin of disease) o Signs/symptoms Planning- pri...

The nurse has applied a gait belt to a postoperative patient to facilitate ambulation. Within a few feet of the bed, the patient begins to complain of dizziness and leans heavily on the nurse. What would be the nurse's initial response? - correct answer Slowly lower the patient to the floor.

1. A client who has been NPO for 3 days is receiving an infusion of Dextrose 5% in 0.45% Sodium chloride (D5½ NS) with potassium chloride (KCl) 20 mEq at 83 ml/hour. The client's 8-hour urine output is 400 ml, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) is 15 mg/dl (5.355 mmol/L), lungs are clear bilaterally, serum glucose is 110 mg/dl (6.1 mmol/L), and serum potassium is 3.7 mEq/L (3.7 mmol/L). Which action should the nurse implement? A) Increase the IV infusion rate B) Notify the healthcare provider...

Six rights: ALWAYS CHECK PT ALLERGIES & MED EXPIRATION DATE • Right drug – verify using 3 checks: ▪ When taking the drug out of the drawer/dispensing unit ▪ When comparing drug with the MAR as the drug is being prepared ▪ At the bedside immediately before administration • Right dose – ▪ Verify calculation of the dose is correct & strength is correct ▪ Dose prescribed is appropriate for the patient ▪ Have another nurse check • Right time – ▪ Administer within t...

Disorders of Immune Responses • Most immune reactions are positive: attack organisms or mutated cells; mediate healing • Immune disorders include – Hypersensitivity and allergy – Transplant immunopathology/rejection – Autoimmune diseases – Immune deficiency oaded_by Hypersensitivity • Altered immunologic reaction to an antigen • A state of altered reactivity→ an exaggerated immune response to what is perceived as a foreign or harmful oaded_by Hypersensitivity T...

Exam 1 Pathophysiology Pathophysiology for nurses (University of Maryland)

Essentials of Pathophysiology – Exam #1 Review Sheet Covers Modules 1, 2, and 3 – Chapters 1, 2, 6, 12, and 13 1. Define pathophysiology. What does the study of pathophysiology include? Pathophysiology: is the study of what happens when the normal anatomy and physiology go wrong, causing disorder and disease process of the human body. Includes: Etiology: study of causes or reasons for phenomena. Includes Idiopathic conditions that have an unknown origin or cause. Pathogenesis: develo...

Question 1 Which of the following would provide active immunity? (A) Polio vaccine to prevent poliomyelitis B) Hepatitis B immune globulin for a needle-stick injury (C Antibodies transferred through breastfeeding (D) Tetanus antitoxin Question 2 which of the following is the best way to prevent the transmission of infectious agents? A) Wash hands B) Avoid public areas as much as possible C) Take antibiotics daily (D) Call the practitioner for herbal supplements Question 3 Which of ...

What are the General Adaptation Syndrome Stages? - Stage 1: Alarm/Fight or Flight - Stage 2: Resistance - Stage 3: Exhaustion What happens to our body during the fight or flight stage? The stressor upsets homeostasis What is being released from our body during the alarm stage (fight or flight)? Catecholamines and cortisol What is the function of a ribosome? Aid in protein production and form clusters that are held together by DNA What is the function of the nucleus? Contains genetic i...

Patho Exam 1 Review for Students - Details - Kahoot

Exam Guidelines: 50 questions in 75 min = 1.5 minutes per question. Respondus Lockdown Browser is required, make sure browser if functional before exam. Study guide material should be obtained from textbook, use lecture as a chapter overview. Call IT if needed or email for proof of issue The following are Key Concepts covered on Exam 1. 1. Define a symptom • Clinical manifestations that are described by the patient 2. Describe homeostasis • Equilibrium, self-regulating, responds to mi...

(· With what we have… the test taker got 84%) 1. No picture : D 2. No picture: B 3. No picture: B - constrict 4. No picture: D or C 5. A nurse is assessing a client in postoperative recovery. The client complains of the following symptoms. Which of the following is abnormal and should be reported immediately? a. Emesis that is red b. Complaint of feeling cold c. Nausea d. Complaint of pain 6. A client's neurological status deteriorates over hours, and a craniotomy is performed t...

Module 1 1. Difference between a sign and a symptom: A symptom is a manifestation of disease apparent to the patient himself, while a sign is a manifestation of disease that the physician perceives. The sign is objective evidence of disease; a symptom, subjective 3. The four components/pillars of Pathophysiology (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY): etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and treatment implications 4. What is homeostasis: refers to any process that living things use to activ...

Module Reading 1. Integumentary (relating to the skin and its appendages, such as hair and nails), Musculoskeletal (relating to the muscles and bones of the body), and Cancer (a disease caused by uncontrolled division of abnormal cells). Previous Chapter 3: focus on module 1, 2, 4 (focus on skin and burn injuries, arthritis). Previous Chapter 7: Module 1, 2 Add Chapter 19: Module 2, 3, 4 (focus on osteoporosis (a condition in which bones become weak and brittle)). 2. Foundations of Cell...

Assignment Content Question 1 An infection in a bone is known as which of the following? A. Osteomyelitis B. Rickets C. Osteitis D. Osteochondroma Question 2 Which of the following terms describes the wasting away or deterioration of muscle? A. Ankylosis B. Atrophy C. Hypertrophy D. Myositis Question 3 Which bone disorder is characterised by increased osteoclast activity, abnormal bone destruction, remodelling of bone,and bone deformities? A. Paget disease B. Rheumatoid art...

1. Threats to internal validity include: History, maturation, testing, procedural infidelity 2. Match • Events that occur during the experiment but that are not related to planned procedural changes that may influence the outcomes. History • Changes in behavior due to the passage of time: Maturation • Occurs when participants need to respond to the same test repeatedly during a baseline or probe condition, which influences responding: Testing • Threats related to the measurem...

SPCE 630 Final Exam |Questions and Answers|Latest 2026 Revised Update|100% Correct ball state university

Research Systematic investigation and manipulation of variables to identify associations and understand process. 2 . Correlational Research Non-experimental research that identifies relationships between variables 3 . Between-Group Research Type of research in which large groups of individuals are assigned to one of two or more study conditions and differences are statistically analyzed. 4 . Single Case Research Design A quantitative experimental approach in which participants serve ...