Brainarium

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"High-grade" energy refers to - chemical, electrical, and mechanical energy A crayfish's daily life consists of swimming, foraging, and escape from predators. Explain how anaerobic and aerobic metabolism interact to help the crayfish live through the day. What is the role of oxygen in these activities? - Burst = anaerobic - dependent upon redox balance, phosphagens, and nutrients Sustained = aerobic - O2 dependent A nonessential amino acid is an amino acid that - can be synthesized by th...

Gene - Linear sequence of nucleotides, coding instruction for transcription of RNA, and translation to a protein Anaximander (610-546 BC) - Speculated: Early animals rose from the ocean, humans came from the mouths of giant fish, and complexity rose from simple life. Aristotle (384-322 BC) - Advocated the importance of observation, wrote "History of Animals", also wrote "Scala Natural" Biological Evolution - Change in populations over time Biology - Study of Life Carolus Linnaeus () ...

14) In TNM, what 3 questions are answered: 1) T = _____________________________________________________________________________ 2) N = _____________________________________________________________________________ 3) M = _____________________________________________________________________________ - -How large is the tumor and how far has it invaded into surrounding tissues? -Are lymph nodes "positive" for caner cells;that is, have cancer cells spread to regional lymph nodes? -To what ext...

Amphibians - DISPLACED radial cleavage Annelids, molluscs, flatworms - SPIRAl cleavage Anterior (Rostral) - front Body Axes - Anterior, posterior, dorsal, ventral, lateral, medial Body planes - sagittal, horizontal, transverse Cellular Life Cycle - ONE gamete -> join ONE zygote -> MANY cell embryos -> VERY many cell types Centrolecithal cleavage - yolk in the CENTER of egg Cephalopod mollusks - Meroblastic bilateral cleavage Cleavage - cell division withOUT growth Commitment - ...

Anaximander (610-546 BC) - Speculated that: --early animals rose from the ocean --humans came from the mouths of giant fish --and, complexity rose from simple life Aristotle (385-322 BC) - --advocated the importance of "observation" --wrote "History of Animals" - describing and classifying animals --wrote "Scala Naturae" - organizing living things along scales of "perfection" Biological Evolution - change in populations over time Comte de Buffon - -In 1779, made a new estimate of...

An adenoma would be classified as - A genign glandular growth Apoptosis is best defined as: - Programmed Cell Suicie Approximately what % of cancer death is attributed to metastases? - More than > 90% Base upon the above data, the patient has: - Grade 3 chondrosarcoma Cancers that arise from glands and epithelial cells lining organs are called: - Carcinoma Carinoma in situ is? - is a tumor that has not invaded surrounding tissue Define Carcinogen. Describe the difference between a promo...

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property market equation - space market / capital market buildings built on air rights - MetLife Building, New York tangible property - Physical asset that can be owned Can be real or personal property EX: Real property, (land and other assets that are permanently attached to the land) buildings, canals, crops, fences, land, landscaping, machinery, minerals, ponds, roads. EX: Personal property, (property that is moveable) vehicles, furniture, boats, and collectibles. intangible property -...

clustering - examples: apparel stores in a mall or any business where customers like to comparison-shop raw land - land that does NOT include structures or any improvements role of government in real estate - - local govt has the most influence - state govt has the least effect - national govt also has significant impact how is the term "real estate" used? - 1. used to identify tangible assets of land/buildings 2. used to denote the bundle of rights associated w/ ownership of assets 3....

3 phases of 2007 collapse - 1. mortgage 2. financial crisis 3. recession 1. identify the tangible assets of land and buildings 2. denote the bundle of rights associated with the ownership of property 3. activities related to the acquisition, operation, disposition of physical assets - 3 ways to describe "Real Estate" poorly built real estate and the effects of decisions in real estate last a long time - durability real estate gets added to the market in relatively large chunks, hard to...

all else equal, a higher discount rate will... - DECREASE the PV of future cash flows the feasibility of new construction is dependent on the relationship btwn current property prices + cost of new construction. the supply of properties will increase if... - the current property values are greater than the cost of construction (all about profit @ the end of the day) what is the direct capitalization method anyway? - it's when the value estimates are based on a multiple of expected first ...

Value of a property or mortgage thus depends on: - 1. Magnitude 2. Timing 3. Riskiness of expected cash flows TVM timelines always starts with - - "Time Zero" Mortgage (debt) timelines normally - 30 years Most commercial property ownership - 3-7 years Amount at time "zero" - PV A single cash flow at any future time point - FV A repeating amount of cash inflow or outflow, flow normally begins at end of first period, sometimes at time zero - PMT This is the measure of time and the n...

What is investment value? - maximum the buyer would be willing to pay and the minimum the seller would be willing to accept Due to the large size of typical RE investments, investors almost always..... - pool their equity capital What are some ways to pool equity? - -General partnership -Limited partnership -C corporation -S corporation -Limited liability company (LLC) -Tenancy-in-common -REIT What are the advantages of pooling equity? - -allows investors to purchase an interest in la...

Mortgage bankers are highly leveraged - Very sensitive to disruptions in the loan making and selling pipeline and can fail in days Alt-A loans - Conventional loans with less stringent underwriting requirements higher LVT lower credit scores reduced documentation of income or assets Somewhere in between conventional and subprime in terms of quality. Commercial banks - Depository lenders that typically made business-related real estate loans and only home loans for business clients. They ...

ad valorem taxes - tax base is on the value of the property, not the income generated amortization - refers to the separating of the principle of a payment from the interest portion of the payment annuity - you have the same set of cash flows every single month of the same amount (loan payments) annuity due - payments at the beginning of a period FV/PV AD = (1+R)(FV/PV of RA) Assessed value - % of the market value as determined by an appraiser, GA 40% basic premise of urban economic grow...

When courts look to prior cases, either local or out of state, regarding any types of laws or previous decisions, what is that known as? - Precedent What is the highest law within the United States? - The U.S. Constitution. What is the order of priority in regards to the law? (Bottom to Top Pyramid) - U.S. Constitution Federal Legislative Enactments (Statutes) Federal Administrative Regulations State Constitution State Legislative Enactments (Statutes) State Administrative Regulations C...

Recourses of foreclosure - borrower can come back through - equity of redemption -statutory The possibility that the actual outcome will vary from what was expected when the asset was purchased. - Risk fixed amount of money paid or received at the end of every period - Ordinary annuity future cash inflow or outflow occurring only once - lump sum payment What are the four time Value of money operations - Compounding Operations 1. Future value of a lump sum 2. Future value of an annuity ...

When two wheels are raised, and two wheels are on the ground, this is called ___________________. - Dolly towing Engineers will often recommend ______________ as the best answer to towing questions, because it works well for all drivetrains. - platform or trailer towing For Jeep Cherokee with _______________, the ONLY acceptable method of towing is with ALL FOUR WHEELS OFF the ground. - Jeep Active Drive I with single-speed PTU Front-wheel drive Jeep Renegade and Jeep Compass can be towed ...

The Quadra-Drive II 4WD system features an _____________________ in the rear to allow 100 percent of the available torque to be sent to one rear wheel. - Electronic Limited-Slip Differential Jeep Trail Rated traction testing includes which of these surfaces: - Mud The crawl ratio of Wrangler's Rock-Trac four-wheel-drive system with manual transmission is __________. - 84.2:1 The Trail Rated system was originally established by Jeep Engineering and the ________________________________. - N...