Brainarium

how does the fungi get food? - the hyphae secretes powerful exoenzymes into the environment that break down complex molecules into simple organic compounds characteristics of plants? - -Domain: Eukarya -Kingdom: Plantae -multicellular -autotrophic -cell walls contain cellulose domain of Fungi? - Eukarya what are some characteristics of Fungi? - -mostly multicellular -all heterotrophic -strong tissues -cell walls contain chitin what are the single celled Fungi called? - yeast a stron...

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Coliforms are a subgroup of enteric bacteria classified by their ability to ferment which sugar? - lactose A Durham tube is included in the LT broth tubes to detect ___, a byproduct of lactose fermentation. - gas production ___ is an enzyme that degrades starch. - Amylase ___ is an opportunistic pathogen that commonly causes staph infections. - Staphylococcus aureus A clear area due to lysis by a phage in a lawn of host cells is called a(n) ____. - Plaque A confluent growth of cells in th...

Pertaining to the Gram Stain, cells that retain crystal violet & appear purple are said to be __________ - Gram positive Pertaining to the Gram Stain, cells that do not retain crystal violet & appear pink are said to be Gram ________ - Negative coliform are a subgroup of enteric bacteria classified by their ability to ferment which sugar? - lactose define generation time - the time required for the population to double in number growth only along the path of the inoculating needle indicat...

Bacteria shapes - Cocci, bacilli, vibrios (comma shaped), spirilla (spiral), pleiomorphic (various shapes) adherence molecules to stick to surfaces - - mediated by pili, fibers of pilin proteins possess other proteins on their tips for sticking - a sex pilus is used for conjugation - some microbes use an extension of the cell envelope tipped by a "holdfast" of paysaccharides 3 parts of flagella - - filament - hook protein - basal body active transport - - all microorganisms active tr...

Chemicals used to decrease the number of microbes on living tissues are called _____ - Antiseptics A Durham tube is included in the LT broth tubes to detect _____, a byproduct of lactose fermentation. - Gas _____ (lytic/lysogenic) phages can integrate its DNA into the host genome. - Lytic _____ will occur around the colonies, indicating amylase production and starch utilization. - Red dying from iodine _______ is an opportunistic pathogen that commonly causes staph infections. - Staphyloc...

B-lactam resistance - Lactamases - enzymes that cleave beta lactam structure usually between carbon and nitrogen - makes it no longer a structural mimic and transpeptidase keeps cross-linking peptide side chains Antimicrobial Agents - Agents that kill microorganisms or inhibit their growth -cidal agents kill -static agents inhibit growth Household cleaners are disinfectants 14 out of 20 burn patients get pseudomonas infections from stainless steel tub cleaned with a quat.. why? - Quats d...

What is fermentation - Being able to grow anaerobically in the presence of a suitable organic compound, such as a sugar. Several reduced products are excreted by the cell as a way of disposing of the electrons derived from oxidation. Function and Types of hydrolytic enzymes - Hydrolytic enzymes hydrolyze (break down) complex molecules to get food that can be transported into the cell. 1. Amylase 2. Caseinase 3. Gelatinase Amylase - catalyzes starch hydrolysis. Reacts readily with iodine...

Gram positive bacteria do not retain CV when gram stained, so they appear pink after counter-staining with safranin. T/F - False. They do retain crystal violet and appear purple Complex media is made with precise chemical composition. T/F - False. Complex media has unknown composition ______ is an opportunistic pathogen that causes staph infections. - Staphylococcus aureus A durham tube is included in the LT broth tubes to detect _________, a byproduct of lactose fermentation - gas product...

Differential media - allow certain bacteria to be differentiated from others by change of color, zone of clearing, or other Bacteria can prevent phage attachment and escape infection by acquiring mutations on genes which alter their _________. - cell surface receptors A _______ agent does not kill a microorganism, but rather just inhibits its growth. - bacteriostatic A clear area surrounded by growth of host cells is called a _______. - plaque A color change to yellow on the mannitol salt ...

Koch and his Postulates - 1. the microorganism must be present in every case of the disease but absent in healthy individuals 2. the suspected organism must be isolated and grown in a pure culture 3. the same disease must result when the isolated microorganism is inoculated into a healthy host 4. the same microorganism must be isolated again from the diseased host Developments due to Koch's Postulates - 1. Agar (Fanny Hess) 2. Petri Dish (Richard Petri) 3. Nutrient broth and nutrient aga...

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DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) - nucleic acid polymer produced from covalent bonding of nucleotide monomers that contain the sugar deoxyribose; the genetic material of nearly all organisms chitin - strong but flexible nitrogenous polysaccharide found in the exoskeleton of arthropods and in the cell walls of fungi ADP (adenosine diphosphate) - nucleotide with two phosphate groups that can accept another phosphate group and become ATP amino acid - organic molecule composed of an amino group and...

control - sample that goes through all the steps of an experiment but does not contain the variable being tested; a standard against which the results of an experiment are checked cell - the smallest unit of life that displays all the properties of life; composed of cytoplasm surrounded by a plasma membrane adaptation - Species's modification in structure, function, or behavior that makes a species more suitable to its environment. animal - Multicelluar, heterotrophic eukaryote that under...

Calvin cycle reactions - enzymatic reactions that reduce carbon dioxide to a carbohydrate in the stroma of chloroplasts ATP synthase - protein structure in chloroplast thylakoids and mitochondria cristae that uses energy from H+ ions to convert ADP to ATP autotrophs - organisms that produce their own food C3 plants - the most common and the most efficient at photosynthesis in cool, wet climates C4 plants - plant that has adapted its photosynthetic process to more efficiently handle hot and...

compound - substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions calorie - amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius acid - any compound that increases the number of hydronium ions when dissolved in water atom - the basic unit of matter atomic mass - the weighted average of the masses of the isotopes of an element atomic number - the number of protons in an atom atomic symbol - a one or two letter abbrev...

Flowers - The reproductive structure in plants Double Fertilization - One sperm unites with an egg, forming a diploid zygote, and the other unites with polar nuclei, forming a triploid endosperm nucleus. Eudicotyledones (Eudicots) - -Two cotyledons -Flowering parts in four of fives or multiples of four or five -Pollen grain with three pores -woody or herbaceous -usually net venation -vascular bundles in a ring -taproot system Alteration of generations - The alteration of two or more di...

Hardy-Weinberg principal - allele frequencies should stay constant unless something causes them to change. dominance heirarchies - a higher-ranking animal has greater access to resources than does a lower-ranking animal disruptive selection - favors individuals at both extremes of the phenotypic range allele frequency - Number of times an allele occurs in a gene pool assortative mating - The selection of a mate based on similarity of traits bottleneck effect - A change in allele frequency...

As red blood cells mature - they lose their nucleus and acquire hemoglobin, they only live about 120 days. When they age, red blood cells are phagocytized by white blood cells (macrophages) in the liver and spllen Albumins - the most abundant plasma proteins and contribute most to plasma's osmotic pressure. They combine with and help transport other organic molecules __________ from the kidneys stimulates production of red blood cells - Erythropoietin a group of cancerous conditions that ...