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Major contributors to social contract theory Hobbes, Locke, Reasseau Social Contract Theory We need food, clothing and shelter to survive and nothing should interfere with our ability to obtain them. We may also choose to believe in a god. The belief gives definition to our existance. Therefore it is important we define ourselves as individuals. Enlightenment Influence on Constitution Bill of Rights and the Second Amendment, Ninth Amendment Bill of Rights (Enlightenment) The first eight Bi...

Who was responsible for drafting the Bill of Rights and submitting it to Congress? James Madison Why did the colonists oppose being taxed by Great Britain? They did not have elected representatives in the House of Commons What was a major difference between the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution? The Articles of Confederation did not provide for a national judiciary Why did the framers design the government under the Articles of Confederation with a Congress? They wanted a gov...

Natural Rights The right to life, liberty, and property; believed to be given by God; no government may take them away. State of Nature A theory on how people might have lived before societies came into existence. Due Process The requirement that government, when dealing with people, have in place a fair procedure which it equally applies to all. Social Contract An agreement between people and government in which citizens consent to be governed so long as the government protects their natu...

General Responsibilities of Ethical Practices 1. Protect the health and safety of all participants 2. Be knowledgeable about and behave in compliance with state and federal laws relevant to the conduct of professional activities 3. Maintain and improve their professional competence in educational assessment 4. Provide assessment services only in areas of their competence and experience, affording full disclosure of their professional qualifications 5. Promote the understanding of sound ass...

What is the purpose of the Code of Professional Responsibilities in Educational Measurement? To provide guidance for test development and administration. What legislation required setting challenging standards for student achievement and developing and administering assessments to measure student progress toward those standards? Elementary and Secondary Education Act A group of teachers based the new curriculum for their high school English class off of content found on previous standardiz...

What is assessment? Choose two answers. The process of obtaining a numerical description of the degree to which an individual possesses a particular characteristic. Any of a variety of procedures used to obtain information about student performance. An instrument or systematic procedure for measuring a sample of behavior by posing a set of questions in a uniform manner. An integrated process for determining the nature and extent of student learning and development. Any of a variety of pr...

Code of Professional Responsibility in Educational Measurement As an organization dedicated to the improvement of measurement and evaluation practice in education, the National Council on Measurement in Education (NCME) has adopted this Code to promote professionally responsible practice in educational measurement. Professionally responsible practice is conduct that arises from either the professional standards of the field, general ethical principles, or both.Persons who engage in these ac...

Bloom's Taxonomy authentic assessment real world applications acheivment tests have students learned the outcomes standards trunk of tree - broad general terms, state made Benchmark branches comes from district adn clarifies standards Objective leaves on the branches written by teacher, assessed by teacher (the student should be able to...) for whole class Outcome fruit on brances - actions, behaviors skills that sstudents demonstrate outside of classroom this is what is assessed with ...

Alternative Assessment An assessment where students demonstrate their abilities to complete an experiment Authentic Assessment Upon completion of the unit, the final assessment includes students demonstrating their skills Performance Assessment An assessment requiring students to demonstrate the skills required for writing a story. Students must write an original story including all necessary components of plot composition Diagnostic Assessment Focuses on the common sources of error encou...

system of assessments included multiple levels of assessments that are to provide different info to different people for many purposes balanced assessment program example placement, formative, diagnostic, summative assessments balanced assessment set of interacting assessments focused on serving the needs of all for the common purpose of improving education assessment plan document that outlines the student learning outcomes, the direct and indirect assessment methods used to demonstrate ...

Maslow Humanist psychologist who developed a pyramid representing heirarchy of human needs Piaget theorist that developed a series of stages in which an individual passes during cognitive development; associated with constructivism Vygotsky theorist focused on the social world of people when explaining cognitive development; associated with constructivism Erikson theorist who studied psychosocial development across the lifespan Bandura Theorist who focused on observational learning; famou...

ystem of Assessments includes all assessments given during a year - large scale as well as classroom assessments; provides multiple options for determining what students know and can do Balanced Assessment Program purposely balancing student performance on year-end standardized tests with the day-to-day classroom assessment process, working to keep standardized tests in perspective Assessment Plan "cycle" of assessments in the classroom - starts with placement, followed by formative and ...

What is working memory (sometimes known as short-term memory)? It actively processes a small amount of information, typically holding it for less than a minute. What is positive reinforcement? Reinforcement consists of getting something a learner finds desirable. What is metacognition? Thinking about thinking What is an accurate comparison between behaviorist and social cognitive theories of learning. social cognitive theorists propose that reinforcement affects observers as well as the i...

What is the primary purpose of conducting a Needs Analysis? To identify a gap between the acquired goal and the actual status of that goal. By using this data a goal statement can be written that identifies what needs to be taught. Also a needs analysis provides the cause of the problem to guide the most effective instruction. You have been asked to conduct a Needs Analysis (topic of your choice) for an organization-wide problem at your place of employment (current, past, or hypothetical). ...

Which of the following are true of the relationship between the humanities and technology? Technology has led to an increase in globalization by making the world smaller and connecting people together through social networks via the internet Which of the following are true of the relationship between the humanities and technology? Technology has increased our ability to preserve, document and share works of art, literature, and music in a way that is unprecedented Which of the following th...

Code of Professional Responsibility in Educational Measurement As an organization dedicated to the improvement of measurement and evaluation practice in education, the National Council on Measurement in Education (NCME) has adopted this Code to promote professionally responsible practice in educational measurement. Professionally responsible practice is conduct that arises from either the professional standards of the field, general ethical principles, or both.Persons who engage in these ac...

Which of the following are true of the relationship between the humanities and technology? Technology has led to an increase in globalization by making the world smaller and connecting people together through social networks via the internet Which of the following are true of the relationship between the humanities and technology? Technology has increased our ability to preserve, document and share works of art, literature, and music in a way that is unprecedented Which of the following th...

Which of the following are true of the relationship between the humanities and technology? Technology has led to an increase in globalization by making the world smaller and connecting people together through social networks via the internet Which of the following are true of the relationship between the humanities and technology? Technology has increased our ability to preserve, document and share works of art, literature, and music in a way that is unprecedented Which of the following th...

What is the primary purpose of conducting a Needs Analysis? To gather initial information about a population that will provide data that can help in making decisions about how to solve a problem. It gives us information at the beginning of the effort to tell us what is needed to improve performance. Who are the people you would ask to participate in a focus group and why? Students-they are the ones who the problem is ultimately affecting and you can gather information on their attitudes Te...

Why conduct a needs assessment? 1. Establish a standard or goal. 2. Determine the existing level of performance 3. Identify a gap between the desired status and actual status What is the purpose of an interview as a data-gathering instrument? Gather detailed, qualitative descriptions of how different stakeholders perceive their success in a one-on-one setting A fourth-grade teacher wants to find out how many words per minute her students can read. Which instruments and rationale would the...