Bi 111 Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

  The nurse is reviewing medical prescriptions for newly admitted clients. It would be a priority for the nurse to follow up with the physician if a client with (a) a potassium level of 4.5mEq/L has Kayexalate (sodium polystyrene) prescribed (b) a Dilantin (phenytoin) level of 8 mcg/ml is placed on seizure precautions(c) sensitivity to Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) is prescribed Tylenol (acetaminophen) (d) sensitivity to Penicillin is prescribed Zithromax (azithromycin) 2. The nurse fr...

Diseases caused by Streptococcus Pyogenes Answer Strep Throat Rheumatic Fever Glomerulonephritis Erysipelas Impetigo Septicemia Puerperal Sepsis Necrotizing Fasciitis Pneumonia Immunization and Treatment for Pneumonia Answer Vaccine based on polysaccharide. Protects against 90% of infections Treated with antibiotics Immunization and Treatment for Tuberculosis Answer BCG Vaccine Antibiotics for 6-9 months DOTS What conditions may lead a person to develop Pneumonia and Rheumati...

What are the types of acquired immunity? Answer natural active natural passive artificial active artificial passive describe natural active immunity Answer -antigens enter body through infection -immune system actively responds -provides lifelong protection describe natural passive immunity Answer -antibodies made by mother's immune system -immune system is not involved -provides short term protection describe artificial active immunity Answer -antigens enter body through vaccin...

Antoine van Leewenhoek (1600s) Answer developed simple microscopes, looked at fabric, "The Father of MBI", called bacteria "weeanimalcules" Ignaz Semmelweis (1840s) Answer suspected that doctors were transmitting childbed fever to women during childbirth, required hand washing in chlorine solution John Snow (1850s) Answer cholera, found that 500 fatal cases occurred in 10 days within 2500 yds. of a certain intersection, shut down the broad street pump and identified the link b/n choler...

Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) Answer Bacterial Agent: E. coli (most commonly) Cystitis occurs when bacteria find their way up the urethra and travel to the bladder Symptoms: Frequent urge to urinate, painful urination, feeling the bladder is not empty after urination, pelvic pain, nausea, fever, orange or cloudy urination --women affected more than men --untreated cystitis can progress to pyelonephritis if bacteria travels to kidneys Treatment: antibiotics (sometimes resistant) Preventio...

Syphilis agent Answer spirochete not seen in gram stain, only seen by dark field microscopy Other names for Syphilis Answer "the great pox", "the great imitator", venereal leprosy, (insert any country name) disease syphilis transmission Answer mostly sexual contact (10-30% transmission rate) penetrates skin surface through mucous membrane, wound, abrasion, or hair follicle syphilis incubation Answer 3 weeks primary syphilis symptoms Answer chancre- painless ulcer, extremely infe...

Natural active immunity Answer -Antigens enter the body through infection -Active: Infected person's immune system responds -Provides long-term protection -Years to life-long due to memory B & T cells natural passive immunity Answer -Antibodies made by the mother's immune system -Are transferred from mother to fetus via placenta (IgG) or are transferred from mother to infant via breast milk (IgA) -Passive: Fetal/infant immune system is not involved -Provides short-term protection, wee...

Syphilis - Primary Stage Answer Chancre Painless Circular, Purple Ulcer EXTREMELY INFECTIOUS Develops at site of infection lasts 2-6 weeks Secondary Syphilis Answer Occurs 3-4 months after primary infection fever, swollen lymph nodes Extremely infectious rash Damage to liver, spleen, nervous system, even death Resolves in 2-6 weeks Tertiary syphilis Answer Many Forms - skin, cardiovascular, nervous system Gumma formation and tissue destruction Gonorrhea Females Answer Fallopian...

Compare and contrast the diseases caused by Streptococcus pyogenes with respect to symptoms, exotoxin production, and immunological complications. Answer Similar: fever Different: - Strep & Scarlet Fever- swollen lymph nodes, red tissue, pus - Rheumatic Fever- Inflammation of vessels, joint pain - Glomerulonephritis- permanent kidney damage - Necrotizing Fasciitis- red, warm, swollen skin, pain - Pneumonia- sharp chest pain, difficulty breathing -> otis media Exotoxin Productio...

Colonization Answer an attachment to and replication in/on a host Infection Answer a colonization of the body leading to damage Disease Answer any deviation from health -not all disease is due to infection -infection does not always cause disease Symptoms Answer subjective evidence of disease (pain, headache) Signs Answer objective evidence of disease (rash, fever) Why do microbes cause disease? Answer -Pathogens evolved to cause human disease -Disease symptoms develop equilib...

MBI 111 Exam 3 (Miami University) questions with correct answers