Substituents Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

Chem 219 Unit 4 Exam Questions With 100% Correct Answers What are the four halogen elements? - answerF, Cl, Br, I organohalide compounds - answerOrganic molecules containing halogen atoms (F, Cl, Br, I) Examples of how organohalide compounds are used by humans - answer- have been found in marine life (algae, mollusks, sponges, etc.), bc they metabolize the high concentrations of inorganic chlorides and bromides that are found in the seas. - Industrially, organohalides find uses as solvent...

Chem 219 Unit 4 Exam Questions With 100% Correct Answers What are the four halogen elements? - answerF, Cl, Br, I organohalide compounds - answerOrganic molecules containing halogen atoms (F, Cl, Br, I) Examples of how organohalide compounds are used by humans - answer- have been found in marine life (algae, mollusks, sponges, etc.), bc they metabolize the high concentrations of inorganic chlorides and bromides that are found in the seas. - Industrially, organohalides find uses as solvent...

sp Hybridization 2 SP + 2 π orbital Linear geometry at carbon sp² Hybridization 3 SP + 1 π orbital Trigonal planar geometry at carbon sp³ Hybridization 4 SP orbitals Tetrahedral geometry Antibonding MOs Destructive interference waves created by high energy electrons in MO models (Node is always present in antibonds) Bonding MOs Constructive interference waves created by lower energy electrons in MO models (No nodes, but beware of node-like low-probability ...

Chem 219 Unit 3 Exam Questions With 100% Correct Answers Stereochemistry the study of the three-dimensional structure of molecules Stereoisomers Compounds with the same structural formula and connectivity but with a different 3D arrangement of the atoms in space. Enantiomers Stereoisomers that that are non-superimposable mirror images. Enantiomers have the same connectivity but different orientations (twist) of the four atoms or groups in 3D space. The two different forms of the chira...

electrophiles electron seeking reagents that have room to accept a electron pair nucleophiles reagents seeking a nucleus to which to donate a pair of electrons proton transfer or protonation reaction the transfer of a proton from one base to another transition state lying between the products and reactants free energy of activation (delta G double dagger) the height of the barrier, the energy that the reactants attain in reaching the the transition state e...

Hydrocarbons correct answer: contain only carbon and hydrogen Alkanes correct answer: single bonds, saturated, sp3 hybrid, tetrahedral, 109.5 deg, sigma bonds only, free rotation about C Alkenes correct answer: double bonds, unsaturated, sp2 hybrid, trigonal planar, flat, rigid about C, pi bond, polyunsaturated:many double bonds Alkynes correct answer: triple bonds, unsaturated, sp hybrid, linear Aromatic correct answer: benzene ring, unsaturated Structural Formula correct an...

how many bonds does carbon have? - 4!!!!!! What is the geometry of a carbon with four single bonds? - Tetrahedryl What are the angles of a carbon with single bonds? - 109.5 Which compounds are saturated? - Alkanes (single bonded carbons) are saturated. Which compounds are unsaturated? - Alkenes (double bonds) and alkynes (triple bonds) How do you name an alkane? - determine the longest continuous chain of carbons, box it. we call this the parent chain. then you n...

Alkenes and Alkynes-Module 2.2 Exam Questions With 100% Correct Answers What are alkenes? Unsaturated hydrocarbons containing a least one C=C bond. What is the formula for an alkene containing a single C=C? CnH2n What are Alkynes? unsaturated hydrocarbons that contain triple bonds What's the general formula for an alkyne with a single triple bond?s CnH2n-2 Alkenes are sometimes called? olefins, a historical term Alkynes are sometimes called? acetylenes, a term derived from the name...

Chem 219 Unit 4 Exam Questions With 100% Correct Answers What are the four halogen elements? - answerF, Cl, Br, I organohalide compounds - answerOrganic molecules containing halogen atoms (F, Cl, Br, I) Examples of how organohalide compounds are used by humans - answer- have been found in marine life (algae, mollusks, sponges, etc.), bc they metabolize the high concentrations of inorganic chlorides and bromides that are found in the seas. - Industrially, organohalides find uses as solvent...

Chapter 1-Structure and Bonding:Acids and Bases 1. How many total valence electrons are represented in the following electron configuration? 1s22s22px2 2py2 2pz1 or 1s22s22p5 a. 1 b. 3 c. 5 d. 7 e. 9 ANS: D Instructions: Write valid Lewis (electron-dot) structures for each formula below. Show all electrons as dots and show all nonbonding electrons. 2. Write: CH3CH2OH ethanol ANS: 3. The structure of urea is shown below. Fill in any nonbonding valence electrons that are missing from the l...