Biology 1404
Biology 1404
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Biology 1404 Exam Chapter 15-17,21 Review 2023
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The AUC and AUA codons in mRNA both specify isoleucine. What feature of the genetic code explains this? - -degeneracy 
 
-How many nucleotides are in 12 mRNA codons? - -36 
 
-Which event contradicts the central dogma of molecular biology? - -Scientists use reverse transcriptase enzymes to make DNA from RNA. 
 
-Which subunit of the E. coli polymerase confers specificity to transcription? - -σ 
 
-The -10 and -35 regions of prokaryotic promoters are called consensus sequences because ________. ...
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Biology 1404 Exam Chapter 4-7 Review 2023
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A nucleosome is formed by - -the winding of DNA around histone proteins 
 
-Fertilization results in - -a zygote, a diploid cell, and a cell with new genetic combinations 
 
-Adenylyl cyclase uses ___ as a substrate to synthesize ___ - -ATP; cAMP 
 
-Unpacking of chromosomes and the formation of a new nuclear envelope is a characteristic of which stage of mitosis? - -telophase 
 
-Activated steroid hormone receptors are also - -transcription factors 
 
-Which of the following chemical signaling ...
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Biology 1404 Exam Chapter 15-17,21 Review 2023(211581)
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what's the central dogma of genes&proteins? what's an exception to this rule? - -DNA (transcription) - RNA (translation) - protein. reverse transcription. 
 
-in ___, the ___ sequence turned to ___ sequence *(_-_) - -transcription - DNA - RNA - T-U 
 
-in ___, the "___ ___" stru happens where the ___ is ___ start of ___. it runs in ___ ___, small __ ___. - -translation - Christmas tree - tip - RNA's - transcription - one direction - to big 
 
-the ___ starts ___. it is a ___ ___ & is __ bp ...
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Biology 1404 Exam Chapter 15-17,21 Review Exam 5 Questions and Answers 2023
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Allele - -gene variations that arise by mutation and exist at the same relative locations on homologous chromosomes 
 
-Autosomes - -Any of the non-sex chromosomes 
 
-Blending Theory of Inheritance - -hypothetical inheritance pattern in which parental traits are blended together in the offspring to produce an intermediate physical appearance 
 
-Codominance - -in a heterozygote, complete and simultaneous expression of both alleles for the same characteristic 
 
-continuous variation - -inherita...
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Biology 1404 Exam Chapter 15-17,21 Review Questions and Answers 2023
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Gene expression - -The process by which DNA directs protein synthesis and has two stages 
 - transcription 
 - translation 
 
-Transcription - -the synthesis of RNA using information in DNA 
- produces messenger RNA (mRNA) 
 
-Translation - -the synthesis of a polypeptide using information in the mRNA 
 
-Ribsosomes - -the sites of translation 
 
-Translation in prokaryotes - -translation of mRNA can begin before transcription has finished (coupled) 
 
-Transcription in eukaryotes - -transcripti...
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Biology 1404 Exam Chapter 15-17,21 Review Questions and Answers 2023 Grade A+
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1.Darwin referred to the process of promoting certain traits by breeding members with those traits as ____. 
 
The breeding of plants and animals to produce desirable traits. Organisms with the desired traits, such as size or taste, are artificially mated or cross-pollinated with organisms with similar desired traits. - -artificial selection 
 
 
-2.A morphological adaptation in which one species resembles another is called ____. - -Mimicry 
 
-3.Population decline causes an extreme genetic dr...
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Biology 1404 Exam Chapter 15-17,21 Review Questions and Answers 2023
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One possible results of chromosomal breakage is for a fragment to join a non-homologous chromosome. What is this alteration called? - -A translocation 
 
-Which of the following is true of linkage? - -The closer two genes are on a chromosome, the lower the probability that a crossover will occur between them 
 
-The chromosomal theory of inheritance explains what? - -Mendel's laws of segregation and independent assortment 
 
-If a deletion occurs on the Y chromosome that removes the SRY gene in...
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Biology 1404 Exam Chapter 15-17,21 Review Questions and Answers 2023
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One possible results of chromosomal breakage is for a fragment to join a non-homologous chromosome. What is this alteration called? - -A translocation 
 
-Which of the following is true of linkage? - -The closer two genes are on a chromosome, the lower the probability that a crossover will occur between them 
 
-The chromosomal theory of inheritance explains what? - -Mendel's laws of segregation and independent assortment 
 
-If a deletion occurs on the Y chromosome that removes the SRY gene in...
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Biology 1404 Exam Chapter 15-17,21 Review Questions and Answers 2023
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what is a basic method of extration of DNA? - -1. cells are lysed using a detergent that disrupts plasma membrane 
2. cells are treated with protease to destroy protein and RNAase to destroy RNA 
3. cells are put in a centrifuge and the supernantant liquid is transferred to a clean tube 
4. the DNA is precipitated with ethanol, it forms viscous strands 
 
-what is restriction endonucleases? what are they key to?what are Palindromes? - -a defense system for bacteria, it recognizes and cleave a sp...
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Biology 1404 Exam Chapter 15-17,21 Review [Level A+] Questions and Answers 2023
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-Homologus Isolation Fossils - -preserved remains of ancient organisms 
 
-Georgraphic Isolation - -Population of speices becomes seporated by a physical boreder (mountains, rivers, land, etc.) 
 
- -structures that have diffrent mature forms but develop from same embryonic tissue 
 
-Temporal - -Isolated by time (open flower in winter, open flower in spring) 
 
-James Hutton - -Geologist who said that the forces that shaped the Earth took place over long periods of time, so the Earth had to be ...
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