- Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

List the five categories of organic nutrients. - Answer Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic acids Vitamins Carbohydrates - Answer Primary source of energy for cells. Proteins - Answer Build and repair tissues, enzymes, hormones, immune function. Lipids - Answer Long-term energy storage, insulation, and cell membrane structure. Nucleic Acids - Answer Store and transmit genetic information. Vitamins - Answer Support metabolic processes, act ...

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10 pages

Written in 2025/2026

Grade A+

COCOSOLUTIONS

A discontinuous epitope A: Depends on the fold of the protein it is part of B: Consists of ~30 amino acids C: Has multivalent antigens D: Must be part of a protein E: Must be part of a nucleic acid - Answer Depends on the fold of the protein it is part of All of the following are true of monoclonal antibodies EXCEPT A: They can be used to label cells B: They can be used as therapeutics C: They have a single antigen binding site D: They are produced from cancerous cells E:...

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32 pages

Written in 2025/2026

Grade A+

COCOSOLUTIONS

Which of the following is the correct order for phage replication? - Answer Attachment, penetration, biosynthesis, assembly, and release The viral capsid - Answer -Contains functional projections from the lipid bilayer called spikes. -Is subdivided to capsomeres in some viruses -is a protective covering for the genome -is responsible for the symmetry of a virus -may contain enzymes to assist in penetration of the host cell. The viral envelope - Answer -Confers...

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13 pages

Written in 2025/2026

Grade A+

COCOSOLUTIONS

3 domains of living organisms - Answer Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya Bacteria Domain - Answer Prokaryotes, cell walls have peptidoglycan, can be autotrophic or heterotrophic (i.e. E. coli) Archaea Domain - Answer Prokaryotic, single-celled, live in extreme environments, hetero and autotrophic (i.e. Methanogens) Eukarya Domain - Answer domain consisting of all organisms that have a nucleus; includes protists, plants, fungi, and animals (i.e. Humans) Emergent prope...

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15 pages

Written in 2025/2026

Grade A+

COCOSOLUTIONS

Prokaryotic cells are found in the domain(s) _____. - Answer bacteria and archaea A human is classified in domain _____ and kingdom _____. - Answer eukarya...animalia A rose bush is classified in domain _____ and kingdom _____. - Answer eukarya...plantae Which Domain(s) includes unicellular orgainsms? - Answer Eukarya, Archaea, and Bacteria. Fungi are classified into which Domain? - Answer Eukarya There is (are) _____ eukaryotic domain(s). - Answer ...

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21 pages

Written in 2025/2026

Grade A+

COCOSOLUTIONS

What structure is indicated by: 10A, 15T, 3G, 7C? - Answer Single-stranded DNA. Negative control means that a regulator molecule is - Answer bound and transcription is inhibited AND removed and transcription begins. DNA is characterized by which of the following feature(s)? - Answer Deoxyribose AND Thymine. All fungi have __________ in their cell walls - Answer chitin. The placement of the amino acid during translation is determined by the - Answer compl...

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7 pages

Written in 2025/2026

Grade A+

COCOSOLUTIONS

Normal microbiota - Answer Beneficial microbial inhabitants of the body Golden Age of Microbiology - Answer Rapid discovery of basic microbiology principles Re-emerging diseases - Answer Once controlled by preventative public health measures, they are now on the rise Prions - Answer Resistant to the usual sterilization procedures for pathogens Spontaneous generation - Answer The converse of biogenesis Acellular infectious agent - Answer Chemical...

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18 pages

Written in 2025/2026

Grade A+

COCOSOLUTIONS

Ray - Answer no interbreeding linnaeus - Answer evolutionary change promotes the formation of new species buffon - Answer life forms are not fixed malthus - Answer only part of the pop survives/reproduces uniformitarianism - Answer changes in the earth are directly caused by recurring events Lamarck's theory - Answer individuals can acquire traits during their lifetime and pass them onto their offspring ex. giraffes cannot stretch their neck...

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12 pages

Written in 2025/2026

Grade A+

COCOSOLUTIONS

parazoa and radiata - Answer parazoa=sponges radiata = jellyfish and other radially symmertrical animals phylum porfera - Answer SPONGES -loosely organized, lack tissues -only aquatic, mostly marine -no apparent symmetry -water drawn through pores into spongocoel and flows out via osculum -reproduction: *sexual=mostly hermaphrodites (sperm/eggs produced in same) *asexual=small fragments or bud may dettach and form a new sponge describe radiata - Answer -inc...

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8 pages

Written in 2025/2026

Grade A+

COCOSOLUTIONS