PORTAGE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

Describe the location of the hilus and its significance. - Answer The hilus is a concave cleft, and it is at this point where the ureters, blood vessels, and nerves enter the kidney. Describe the functions of the nephron. - Answer 1. control the concentration of water and soluble materials by filtering the blood 2. reabsorbing needed materials and excreting waste products as urine 3. regulate blood pressure and blood volume 4. regulate pH and electrolytes Name the structures of the ...

Definition of Pathophysiology - Answer defined as not only the cellular and organ changes that occur with disease, but also the effects that these changes have on total body function. 5 etiologic factors and an example of each - Answer Biological: bacteria and viruses Physical: trauma, burns, and radiation Chemical: poisons, drugs One's genetic inheritance Nutritional excesses or deficiencies 2 types of risk factors - Answer congenital factors (present at birth) or acquired (oc...

Describe the location of the hilus and its significance. - Answer The hilus is a concave cleft, and it is at this point where the ureters, blood vessels, and nerves enter the kidney. Describe the functions of the nephron. - Answer 1. control the concentration of water and soluble materials by filtering the blood 2. reabsorbing needed materials and excreting waste products as urine 3. regulate blood pressure and blood volume 4. regulate pH and electrolytes Name the structures of the ...

The respiratory system can be divided into what 2 structures? - Answer conducting airways and respiratory tissues What are the levels of branching? - Answer Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli Where is the site of gas exchange? - Answer Alveoli What cells are in the alveolar epithelium? - Answer Type 1 and II alveolar cells, macrophages Describe what happens during inspiration and expiration: - Answer During inspiration, air is drawn into the lungs as the respiratory mus...

Upper lower, middle, lower GI tract and accessory - Answer upper: mouth, esophagus, stomach middle: duodenum, jejunum, ileum lower: cecum, colon, rectum accessory: salivary glands, liver, pancreas what digestion starts in the stomach - Answer carb and protein digestion (by pepsin) GI tract function - Answer Digests food, absorbs nutrients and water into the blood, and eliminates waste What role(s) does the liver serve? - Answer produces bile metabolizes hormones and ...

A bodybuilders muscles will display hyperplasia - Answer False Barrett esophagus is an example of dysplasia - Answer False Hypertrophy is an increase in the size of an organ or tissue caused an increase in the number of cells - Answer True Lack of nerve stimulation can cause cells to atropy - Answer true proportion of people with a disease who are positive for the disease - Answer sensitivity How likely the same result will occur if repeated - Answer reliability How...

The three stages of hemostasis include each of the following except: - Answer vascular dilation Which of the following medications would decrease a person's risk for clotting? Select all that apply. - Answer heparin, warfarin, lovenox Which of the following is a hypercoagulable state? Select all that apply. - Answer congestive heart failure, smoking, post-surgical state Which of the following is FALSE of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)? Select all that apply. - Answe...

What syndrome has an increased production of glucocorticoids? - Answer Cushing's The following are common signs and symptoms of Cushing syndrome EXCEPT: - Answer hypoglycemia Signs and symptoms of Addison's disease include each of the following EXCEPT: - Answer hyperglycemia Addison's disease is due to which of the following: - Answer adrenal gland dysfunction T/F: An endocrine hormone is released into circulation to act on a target organ. - Answer true T/F: A paracri...

The liver is responsible for each of the following EXCEPT: - Answer releases insulin Risk factors for gallstone formation include each of the following EXCEPT: - Answer age (60s) Treatments for gastroesophageal reflux include each of the following EXCEPT: - Answer caffeinated beverages What symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome would require further investigation? Select all that apply. - Answer blood in stool, weight loss, anemia Risk factors for the development of peptic ulc...

define innate immunity - Answer Innate immunity, also called natural immunity, is the first line of defense. This type of defense is in place before an infection takes place and can function immediately. It is comprised of physical, chemical, cellular, and molecular defenses. How does the skin act as a physical barrier? - Answer The skin's design makes it a strong physical barrier. It has closely packed cells in multiple layers that are continuously being shed. Keratin covers the skin, w...