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MICR 3230 (Immunology) Final | UPDATED Questions with 100% Verified Answers

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101 pages

Written in 2026/2027

Grade A+

ExamsCollection

A stem cell is exposed to notch1, what is the outcome of this? - Answer Commitment to the T-cell lineage A DN T-cell which lacks CD44 will lack what? - Answer Adhesion molecules What model proposed for differentiation of T-cells into CD4 or CD8 relies on random downregualtion of either the CD4 or CD8 receptor? - Answer the stochastic model (T/F) cytokines are long lived once in circulation - Answer false A dendritic cell (DC) presenting only MHC class II encounters a naiv...

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18 pages

Written in 2026/2027

Grade A+

COCOSOLUTIONS

Binding affinity - Answer Strength of an individual bond Binding avidity - Answer Combined strength of binding of the multiple interactions Multivalency influences which binding property? - Answer increases avidity of the interactions Dissociation constant - Answer Kd - measure of strength of ligand binding Ligand-receptor binding induces 4 molecular changes in the receptor - Answer 1. Conformational 2. Dimerization / clustering 3. Location in the membrane 4. Cova...

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28 pages

Written in 2026/2027

Grade A+

COCOSOLUTIONS

What is immunity? - Answer Immunity is the state of protection against foreign pathogens or substances (antigens) Herd immunity is - Answer vaccination or protection of a critical mass of people through vaccination or recovery from infection -serves as a buffer for everyone else Humoral immunity combats pathogens via ___ - Answer antibodies Antibodies are produced by ___ cells - Answer B Cell-mediated immunity involves primarily ___ - Answer T-cells T- cells can __...

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17 pages

Written in 2026/2027

Grade A+

COCOSOLUTIONS

What cells are MHC Class I molecules found on? - Answer all nucleated cells What cells are MHC Class II molecules found on? - Answer antigen presenting cells (high expressed on B cells and DC's and low expression on macrophages) MHC Class I molecules are recognized by...? - Answer cytotoxic T cells MHC Class II molecules are recognized by...? - Answer helper T cells What molecule stabilizes MHC Class I? - Answer CD8 What molecule stabilizes MHC Class II? - Answer...

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29 pages

Written in 2026/2027

Grade A+

COCOSOLUTIONS

Explain the how a few pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) can collectively recognize most pathogens. - Answer PRRs are germ-line encoded and do not undergo somatic recombination, therefore do not have specificity like T/ B cells. -PRRs can recognize PAMPS which are essentially non-cellular structures present on pathogens, meaning that most pathogens are readily identified by PRRs Explain the different types of PRRs. -Membrane bound phagocytic receptors (opsonic and non-opsonic) -how...

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24 pages

Written in 2026/2027

Grade A+

COCOSOLUTIONS

What is a sporadic disease? - Answer A disease where only a few scattered cases occur within a given population What is an endemic disease? - Answer A disease that occurs at a relatively stable frequency within a given population What is an epidemic disease ? - Answer When a disease exceeds its normal frequency within a given population What is a pandemic disease? - Answer An epidemic outbreak that spreads across continental barriers What are virulence factors? - Answer ...

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13 pages

Written in 2026/2027

Grade A+

COCOSOLUTIONS

Herd immunity - Answer Vaccination/protection of a critical mass of people Humoral immunity - Answer Combats pathogens via antibodies produced by B cells Active vs. passive Cell-mediated immunity - Answer T cells that eradicate pathogens, self-cells, or aid other cells BCR and TCR generated by - Answer Random gene segment rearrangements 4 categories of pathogens - Answer 1. Viruses 2. Bacteria 3. Fungi 4. Parasites PRRs bind to - Answer PAMPs and DAMPs ...

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11 pages

Written in 2026/2027

Grade A+

COCOSOLUTIONS

immunity - Answer state of protection against foreign pathogens or substances (antigens) can generate immunity without inducing disease (through vaccine) herd immunity - Answer acquiring protective immunity in a critical mass of people through vaccination or recovery from infection serves as a buffer for everyone else humoral immunity - Answer soluble proteins for labelling and destruction of invaders combats pathogens via antibodies produced by B cells cell mediated i...

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25 pages

Written in 2026/2027

Grade A+

COCOSOLUTIONS

Receptor-ligand binding occurs via multiple ___________ bonds. - Answer noncovalent Each individual bond may be weak but in total they deliver a strong _______ _________. - Answer binding avidity _________________ (___) is a measure of strength of ligand binding. - Answer Dissociation Constant (Kd) What are examples of bonds& interactions that can occur between a receptor and ligand? - Answer - Hydrogen bonds - Ionic bonds - Van der Waals interactions - hydrophobic int...

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23 pages

Written in 2026/2027

Grade A+

COCOSOLUTIONS

T/F - Monocytes can phagocytose/engulf invading pathogens and cause their lysis and degradation - Answer True MC - Secondary lymphoid organ areas include: Bone marrow Thymus Lymph nodes and spleen Skin - Answer Lymph nodes and spleen MC - CD4 molecules are most commonly found on _______ while CD8 molecules are most commonly found on ________. T-helper cells, T-cytotoxic cells B cells, T-cytotoxic cells B cells, T-helper cells T-cytotoxic cells, T-helper cells - Answer T-he...

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9 pages

Written in 2026/2027

Grade A+

COCOSOLUTIONS

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38 pages

Written in 2026/2027

Grade A+

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MICR 3230 Midterm Exam | Questions and Answers (Complete Solutions) What is immunity? The state of protection against foreign pathogens or substances (antigens) How do you generate immunity without disease? Immunization What does immunization do? Prepares the immune system for eradication of the antigen What is herd immunity? Vaccination/protection of a critical mass of people What is humoral immunity? Combats pathogens via antibodies What are antibodies produced by? B cells 2 types of humoral...

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