Biological Sciences Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

Transcription is the first step in gene expression. It involves copying a gene’s DNA sequence to make an RNA molecule. Before transcription can take place, the DNA double helix must unwind near the gene that is getting transcribed. The region of opened-up DNA is called a transcription bubble. Transcription uses one of the two exposed DNA strands as a template; this strand is called the template strand. The RNA product is complementary to the template strand and is almost identical to the other...

BIOS 260 Week 8 Final Exam Study Guide-Verified 100%-Format: The final exam has three pages. Page 1 contains 41 multiple choice questions worth 3 points each. Page-2 contains 9 multiple choice questions worth 3 points each, and 3 essay questions worth 10 points each. Page 3 contains 7 essay questions worth 10 or 15 points each. Make sure you use your time wisely so that you have a chance to answer questions on all pages. This Exam covers all of the course Terminal Course Objectives (TCOs). ...

DNA cloning is the process of making multiple, identical copies of a certain piece of DNA. A gene or other DNA fragment of interest is first inserted into a circular piece of DNA called a plasmid. The insertion is done using enzymes that are able to “cut and paste” DNA, and then a molecule of recombinant DNA is produced. Next, the recombinant plasmid is introduced into bacteria. Bacteria carrying the plasmid are selected and grown up. As they reproduce, they replicate the plasmid and pass it...

BIOS 390 Week 6 LAB: Isolate Plasmid DNA-Once a plasmid has … introduced into competent bacterial cells and the cells have grown into colonies on a medium selective for cells containing the plasmid, the next step is to perform a miniprep of the plasmid DNA in preparation for DNA sequencing. The three steps are: 1) growing cells in liquid culture; 2) purifying the plasmid DNA from the culture; and 3) performing a restriction digest on the purified DNA to determine whether the DNA insert in the ...

Question Set 1 (TCO 3) DNA replication is said to be semiconservative because (TCO 3) DNA synthesis occurs in (TCO 3) Which of the following statements is correct? Question Set 2 (TCO 3) During DNA replication, DNA ligase is most active on the lagging strand. This is because (TCO 3) Phosphodiester bonds are formed between adjacent Okazaki fragments by (TCO 3) Which of the following activities are unique for DNA polymerase I? Question Set 3 (TCO 3) Once bound to an origin of replication, the o...

Gel electrophoresis is a laboratory technique used to separate DNA fragments and other macromolecules by size and charge. Gel electrophoresis is a technique in which fragments of DNA are … through a gel matrix by an electric current, and it separates DNA fragments according to size. A standard, or DNA ladder, is typically … so that the size of the fragments in the PCR sample can … determined. The results of a PCR reaction are usually … using gel electrophoresis……………………

BIOS 390 Week 4 LAB: Gene expression-Gene expression: it is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product. These products are often proteins, but in non-protein coding genes such as transfer RNA or small nuclear RNA genes, the product is a functional RNA. The process of gene expression is used by all known life eukaryotes , prokaryotes , and utilized by viruses to generate the macromolecular machinery for life.Several steps in the gene express...

Question Set 1 (TCO 1) The basic principles of genetics contributed by Gregor Johann Mendel are: (TCO 1) The Augustinian monk, Gregor Johann Mendel, crossed yellow-seeded and green-seeded pea plants and then allowed the offspring to self-pollinate to produce an F2 The results were as follows: 6018 yellow and 2002 green (8020 total). The allele for green seeds has what relationship to the allele for yellow seeds? (TCO 1) In 1953, James Watson and Francis Crick proposed. Question Set 2 (TCO 1) I...

BIOS 390 Week 5 LAB: Transcription in Prokaryotes-Verified/BIOS 390 Week 5 LAB/Transcription is the first step in gene expression. It involves copying a gene’s DNA sequence to make an RNA molecule. Before transcription can take place, the DNA double helix must unwind near the gene that is getting transcribed. The region of opened-up DNA is called a transcription bubble. Transcription uses one of the two exposed DNA strands as a template; this strand is called the template strand. The RNA produ...