- Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

2024 CPPS 303 - Gastrointestinal 3 ( Pancreatic & Salivary Digestive Functions ) Latest Questions With Complete Grade A Answers 1. Exocrine Glands Answer: Secretion through ductsinto body cavity, lumen,surface of thebody - Secrete non-hormonal substances 2. Types of Exocrine Glands (4) Answer: - Sweat Glands - Gastric Glands - Mucosal Glands - Salivary Glands 3. Endocrine Glands Answer: Secrete chemical products into interstitial fluid surroundingcells (no duct), which are carrie...

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8 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

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2024 CPPS 303 - Lipids 3 ( Liver Lipid Metabolism ) Complete Questions & Answers (Solved) 100% Correct 1. Synthesis and storage of bile Answer: Synthesized in the liver - Stored in the gallbladder 2. Enterohepatic circulation of bile acids Answer: 1) After a meal, bile will be releasedfrom the gallbladder into the duodenum 2) Majority of Bile is taken up by the enterocytes - Only 5% of bile acids are lost through fecal output 3) Bile salts are released into the portal vein 4) Salts ...

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13 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

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CPPS 303 LECTURES 1 AND 2 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+ 2026

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14 pages

Written in 2025/2026

Grade A+

TheStar

Gap junctions Ans: Allow ion and small molecule passage between cells. Chemical signals Ans: Include ions, hormones, neurotransmitters, growth factors. Endocrine signaling An

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25 pages

Written in 2025/2026

Grade A+

Exampromax

2024 CPPS 303 - Homeostatic Control of Calcium and Phosphate New Full Questions and Answers ( Included ) 100% Correct 1. Why is calcium physiologically significant? Answer: Muscle Contraction -Actin-myosin interaction Nerve Conduction - Release of neurotransmitter Secretion - Exocytosis Enzymatic activity - Some enzymes require Ca2+ as the cofactor 2. Why is phosphate physiologically significant? Answer: Key component of ATPInvolves in the activation and inactivation of enzymes 3. W...

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9 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

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2024 CPPS 303 - Function and Regulation in Gastric Digestion New Full Questions and Answers ( Included ) 100% Correct 1. What are the three general functions of the stomach? Answer: Storage, Digestion,Protection 2. How much food can the adult stomach roughly hold? Answer: Roughly one liter. 3. What is gastric accommodation closely associated with? Answer: vagovagal reflex? 4. How much chyme is emptied from the stomach at a time? Answer: 3ml 5. How often are stomach contraction inter...

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12 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

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2024 CPPS 303 - Lipids 5 ( Adipose Tissues in Metabolism and as an Endocrine Organ ) Pt. 2 Complete Questions & Answers (Solved) 100% Correct 1. What do Adipocytes Secrete? (8) Answer: - Metabolites - Inflammatory Mediators - Novel Signalling Lipids - Circulating Exosomal miRNAs - Binding proteins/precursors - Peptides - Hormones - Growth Factors 2. How do secreted products act on cells/organs? Answer: Both paracrine and endocrineaction 3. Processes that Adipocytes regulate (4)...

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11 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

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2024 CPPS 303 - Lipids 4 ( Adipose Tissues in Metabolism and as an Endocrine Organ ) Pt. 1 Complete Questions & Answers (Solved) 100% Correct 1. Subcutaneous Fat Answer: Fat located directly under the skin - Abdominal - Femoral - Upper body - Gluteal - Cranial 2. Visceral, intra-abdominal Fat Answer: fat located around major organs - Omental - Mesenteric 3. Adipocytes Answer: fat cells 4. 3 Physiological Characteristics of Adipocytes Answer: - Lipid Storage - Insulin Sensit...

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7 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

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2024 CPPS 303 - Lipids 2 ( Intestinal Lipid Metabolism ) Complete Questions & Answers (Solved) 100% Correct 1. Effects of a High Lipid Diet Answer: Dietary lipid overload = Metabolic diseases 1) Increased Lipid absorption - Increased intestinal lipid retention causing IBD and colorectal cancer 2) Increase in Adiposity - Obesity 2a) Type 2 diabetes - decreased insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance 2b) Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) - Leads to Atherosclerosis (Hyperlipid...

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8 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

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2024 CPPS 303 - Gastrointestinal 6 ( Homeostatic Control of Calcium & Phosphate ) Latest Questions With Complete Grade A Answers 1. Functions of Calcium (4) Answer: - Muscle contraction - Nerve Conduction - Secretion - Enzymatic activity 2. How does Ca2+ function in Muscle contraction Answer: Actin-myosin interaction 3. How does Ca2+ function in Nerve Conduction Answer: Release of Neurotransmitter 4. How does Ca2+ function in Secretion Answer: Exocytosis 5. How does Ca2+ function...

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6 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

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2024 CPPS 303 - Gastrointestinal 5 ( Coupling of Nutrient Digestion & Absorption ) Latest Questions With Complete Grade A Answers 1. Macro-Nutrients (3) Answer: - Carbohydrates - Proteins - Lipids 2. Digestion of Macronutrients Answer: Must be digested before being absorbed - Digestion -absorption coupling mechanism - Enzymes are specific to nutrients - Transport Channels are nutrient specific 3. Sites of absorption for Carbs, proteins and lipids Answer: Sm Intestine - highest ab...

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8 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

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2024 CPPS 303 - Gastrointestinal 4 ( Intestinal Fluid & Electrolyte Movement ) Latest Questions With Complete Grade A Answers 1. Where does GI input come from? Answer: - Oral Intake - GI Secretions 2. Oral Intake Answer: Ingested food and fluids 3. GI Secretions Answer: - Salivary gland secretions - Gastric secretions - Pancreatic secretions - Bile secretions - Sm Intestine secretions - Lg Intestine secretions 4. Total fluid load inputed into the lumen Answer: 8.5L 5. Where d...

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10 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

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2024 CPPS 303 - Gastrointestinal 2 ( Function and Regulation in Gastric Digestion ) Latest Questions With Complete Grade A Answers 1. 3 General Functions of the Stomach Answer: 1) Storage 2) Digestion 3) Protection 2. How much food can an adult store? Answer: 1 litre 3. Gastric Accommodation Answer: Plasticity of the smooth stomach muscles - Closely associated with vagovagal reflex - Allows stomach to stretch/relax to accompany incoming food 4. How much chyme is emptied from the s...

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12 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

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2024 CPPS 303 - Gastrointestinal 1 ( Overview of the Gastrointestinal System ) Latest Questions With Complete Grade A Answers 1. Other Names for the Gastrointestinal (GI) System Answer: - Alimentary Canal - Digestive Tract 2. Inlet of GI Answer: Oral Cavity - Mouth 3. Outlet of GI Answer: Anus 4. General flow of structures of GI system Answer: - Mouth - Pharynx (throat) - Salivary glands - Esophagus - Stomach - Pancreas - Liver - Gallbladder - Sm Intestine - Lg Intestine ...

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17 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

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2024 CPPS 303 - Endocrinology 3 ( The Adrenal Gland ) Latest Questions With Complete Grade A Answers 1. The Adrenal Gland Answer: A pair of endocrine glands that sit just above the kidneysand secrete hormones that help arouse the body in times of stress. 2. General Regions of the Adrenal Gland Answer: Out to In - Capsule - Cortex - Medulla 3. Specific Layers in the Cortex (3) Answer: From top (capsule) - Zona Glomerulosa - Zona fasciculata - Zona reticularis 4. What does the Zo...

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9 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

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2024 CPPS 303 - Endocrinology 2 ( Pancreas and Glucose Metabolism ) Latest Questions With Complete Grade A Answers 1. Endocrine vs Exocrine Glands Answer: Endocrine Glands - secrete substances (hormones) directly into the bloodstream Exocrine Glands - Secrete substances (hormones) into ducts onto body surfaces/cavities 2. Pancreas Gland type Answer: Both exocrine and endocrine 3. Pancreas produces... Answer: Digestive Enzymes and HCO3- - they flow into the GI tract via exocrine duc...

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11 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

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2024 CPPS 303 - Endocrinology 1 (Thyroid Hormone and Function ) Latest Questions With Complete Grade A Answers 1. Thyroid Gland Answer: On the anterior surface of the trachea - Has left and right lobes - Small connecting branch (isthmus) Gland size varies with environmental factors 2. 2 Cell types ofThyroid gland Answer: 1) Follicular Cells - Secrete T4 and T3 2) Parafollicular Cells (C-cells) - releases Calcitonin which regulates calcium and phosphate metabolism 3. T3 Answer: tr...

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11 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

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2024 CPPS 303 - Adipose Tissue 2 Complete Questions & Answers (Solved) 100% Correct 1. What do adipocytes and other cells in adipose tissue secrete? Answer: numerousproteins, lipids and nucleic acids 2. What are adipokines? Answer: regulatory peptides 3. What are lipokines? Answer: regulatory lipid species 4. What processes do the proteins, lipids and nucleic acids secreted by adipocytes regulate or modulate? Answer: lipid and glucose homeostasis, energy balance, inflammation and tis...

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5 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

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2024 CPPS 303 - Adipose Tissue 1 Complete Questions & Answers (Solved) 100% Correct 1. Where is subcutaneous fat located? Answer: abdominal, femoral, upper body, glutealcranial 2. Where is visceral, intra-abdominal fat located? Answer: omental, mesenteric 3. What is another word for adipose cell Answer: adipocyte 4. What does adipocytes store? Answer: energy in the form of TAG 5. What are adipocytes highly sensitive to? Answer: Insulin, glucose uptake ;lipid uptake,lipolysis 6. Wha...

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4 pages

Written in 2023/2024

Grade A+

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