COMMUNITY ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

Epidemiology Community-Acquired Pneumonia - Ans • An estimated 5.6 million cases/year • Estimated total annual cost is $10 billion • 6th leading cause of death in U.S. - #1 cause of death from infectious diseases • Up to 80% of treatment is outpatient • Mortality rate varies - <1-5% outpatient - 12% inpatient - Up to 40% in critically ill/ICU admissions Pathogenesis Community-Acquired Pneumonia - Ans • Microorganisms gain access to the lower respiratory tract via: - I...

What is pneumonia? - Ans Inflammation of the lung in which fluid fills the alveoli. Bacteria, viruses and fungi are responsible. Physicians distinguish community- acquired pneumonia from nosocomial pneumonia. What will you hear upon auscultation of pneumonic lungs? - Ans Rales What bacterial agents cause community-acquired pneumonia? - Ans 1) S. pneumoniae 2) Legionella pneumophila 3) Mycoplasma pneumoniae 4) Chlamydophila pneumoniae

Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) - Ans an acute infection of the pulmonary parenchyma acquired in the outpatient setting Predisposing conditions for CAP - Ans 1) Alterations in level of consciousness 2) Alcohol consumption 3) Acidosis 4) Pulmonary edema 5) Malnutrition 6) Mechanical obstruction of a bronchus 7) Cystic fibrosis 8) COPD 9) Smoking tobacco 10) hypoxemia 11) Toxic inhalations 12) Uremia 13) Administration of immunosupressants 14) Elderly ( >=65 yrs) 15) Bronchie...

What are the Most Common Risk Factors associated with Community Acquired Pneumonia? - Ans -Decrease in Mucocillary Transport -Decrease in Immune Responses -Increase in Gram (-) Colonization -Decrease in Cough Reflux/Increase in Risk of Aspiration How is Mucocillary Transport Decreased? - Ans Smoking COPD C F Viral Infection Elderly

CAP is the ___________ infectious ds in the US and the ______________ leading cause of death. - Ans - Most deadly - 8th What normally prevents the development of lower respiratory tract infections following aspiration of oropharyngeal secretions containing bacteria or inhalation of infected aerosols? - Ans Pulmonary defense mechanisms (cough reflex, mucociliary clearance system, immune responses

Explain the difference between community acquired pneumonia, hospital acquired pneumonia, and ventilator associated pneumonia. - Ans 1. CAP- community-dwelling outpatient or inpatient if diagnosis is within 48 hours of admission 2. HAP- patient has been in the hospital more than 48 hours before diagnosis 3. VAP- 48-72 hours after endotracheal intubation patient is diagnosed What are the signs and symptoms of pneumonia? - Ans 1. fever / chills 2. SOB / hypoxemia 3. cough / sputum productio...

pneumonia is an infection of - Ans lung parenchyma community acquired pneumonia - Ans acquired outside of a healthcare setting hospital acquired pneumonia - Ans pneumonia occurring 48 hours or longer after hospital admission

Community-dwelling outpatient, or inpatient if diagnosis within 48 hours of admission - Ans CAP (Community acquired pneumonia) Community-dwelling patient ADMITTED with risk factors for multi-drug resistant pathogens - Ans HCAP (Healthcare-associated pneumonia) >/=48 hours after hospital admission (not incubating before admission) - Ans HAP (Hospital-acquired pneumonia)

Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass CAP is the ___________ infectious ds in the US and the ______________ leading cause of death. - Answer- - Most deadly - 8th What normally prevents the development of lower respiratory tract infections following aspiration of oropharyngeal secretions containing bacteria or inhalation of infected aerosols? - Answer- Pulmonary defense mechanisms (cough reflex, mucociliary clearance system, immune responses) CAP occurs ...

Community Acquired Pneumonia Exam Questions And Answers Graded A+ pneumonia is an infection of lung parenchyma community acquired pneumonia acquired outside of a healthcare setting hospital acquired pneumonia pneumonia occurring 48 hours or longer after hospital admission ventilator associated pneumonia pneumonia that occurs more than 48 hours after endotracheal intubation pathophysiology of pneumonia depends on -microaspiration -defects in host defenses -virulence of organism p...