- Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

Define 'grim determinism' and 2nd, explain how this ideology relates to Colonial American punishment. correct answersGrim determinism is the idea that everyone has a God-given, pre-ordained future that cannot be changed by man's actions whatsoever. This relates to Colonial American punishment because they weren't trying to change sinners; punishment imposed were harsh, cruel, and unforgiving (banishment, shame, fines, death by hanging, etc.) Describe the nature of the colonial com...

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2 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

Insightfulsh3rry

Retaliation correct answersAccepted and encouraged to address wrongdoings. Blood Feud correct answersRetaliation evolves into this. When the victim's family or tribe sought revenge on the offender's family or tribe. Vendetta correct answersBlood Feud evolves into this Lex Salica correct answersCustom of Atonement for wrongs by payments to appease the victim's family or tribe (still an active practice in the Middle East) Friedensgeld correct answersRestitution being paid to t...

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3 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

Insightfulsh3rry

The first prison with a separate wing for women was opened in ______. correct answers1797 The poor conditions of the early Bellevue Penitentiary resulted in a ______ epidemic, causing the deaths of 8 women and the escape of 11 others. correct answerscholera The first prison exclusively for women in the United States was opened in ______. correct answers1839 Prior to the Civil War, in Tennessee ______. correct answerswomen were housed with men In her study of the Maryland Penitentiary...

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6 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

Insightfulsh3rry

What are the 3 components of correctional theories? correct answers-A statement regarding the purpose -A policy and organization blueprint -A claim of effectiveness What is the role of theory for correctional theories? correct answers1. Social context matters, theories are not created in a vacuum 2. Theories are important bc they help set correctional goals, provide a framework to understand reality, offer a set of policies to work to achieve that goal What is the role of data for corre...

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5 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

Insightfulsh3rry

What is the difference between "race" and "ethnicity"? correct answersRace is a term that refers to skin color and features of a group of people. Ethnicity refers to the different cultures between groups of people What is the difference between "disparity" and "discrimination"? correct answersDisparity is he unequal treatment of one group by the criminal justice system, compared to the treatment accorded other groups, while discrimination is differential treatment of a...

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1 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

Insightfulsh3rry

The war on drugs correct answersThe imposition of has led to the disproportionate representation of minority groups in correctional organizational organizations. Asian Americans correct answersAs far as incarceration rates, which group is underrepresented in state correctional populations in comparison to their representation in the general population? African Americans were more likely to report sexual or physical violence from staff than from other inmates. correct answersWhen looking at...

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1 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

Insightfulsh3rry

Which gender receives longer prison sentences? correct answersMale Mandatory sentencing requires an offender to serve what percentage of their jail sentence? correct answers85% Shock probation is designed for what type of offenders? correct answersFirst-Time Who is responsible for initiating a plea deal? correct answersProsecutor Which type of sentence is considered "fixed?" correct answersDeterminate Which type of sentence is the "three-strikes law?" correct answersMa...

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3 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

Insightfulsh3rry

Corrections correct answersCorrections: The variety of programs, services, facilities, and organizations responsible for the management of individuals who have been accused or convicted of criminal offenses. Punishment correct answersthe state authorized imposition of depriving life, liberty, resources as a result of being justly convicted of a crime Evidence based corrections correct answersUses research and data in order to guide policy and legislation decisions. Know the earliest wri...

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2 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

Insightfulsh3rry

Probation began in the ______ century. correct answers20th What country is recognized for instituting probation volunteers? correct answersJapan What root is the term probation taken from? correct answersGreek Probation officers see their clients in all of the following locations EXCEPT? correct answersTreatment Programs Boot camps are not modeled after the military. correct answersFalse Victim-offender reconciliation programs are beneficial to all victims of crime. correct answer...

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3 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

Insightfulsh3rry

o Furman v. Georgia (1972) correct answersSupreme Court ruled that the death penalty was itself not unconstitutional, but the way it was administered constituted cruel and unusual punishment. o Gregg v. Georgia (1976) correct answersCourt upheld those laws that required the sentencing judge or jury to take into account specific aggravating and mitigating factors in deciding which convicted murderers should be sentenced to death o McCleskey v. Kemp (1987) correct answersCourt rejected a cha...

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1 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

Insightfulsh3rry

Misinformation about the crime problem correct answers1. The "fear of crime" displayed by Americans simply reflects increases the objective probability of being victimized. 2. Low-level offenders will inevitably graduate to violent offending in the absence of a stiff criminal sanction. 3. Life-course persistent offending can be accurately predicted using variables that are given the most "weight" in criminal justice processing: the severity of the offense and the offender's pri...

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2 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

Insightfulsh3rry

How do Intermediate Sanctions improve supervision? correct answersIntensify supervision Provide specialized programs better suited to address the offender's need Reason for Nonincarceration correct answers-Enormous cost of imprisonment -Imprisonment too restrictive for many offenders -Traditional probation doesn't work with most offenders -Justice is well served by having options in between Justice Improvements correct answersIntermediate sanctions allow a closer tailorin...

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11 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

Insightfulsh3rry

corrections/penology correct answers-corrections: a variety of functions carried by gov. & private agencies having to do with the punishment, treatment, supervision, and management emergence of classical school correct answers cesare beccaria correct answers-"on crimes and punishment" -developed classical school deterrence (certainty, celerity, and severity of punishment) correct answers- people seek pleasure & avoid pain -CJ system tries to maximize pain of punishment -hot st...

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6 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

Insightfulsh3rry

The 80's were seen as a time of correct answersRadical change brought on by the election of Ronald Reagan What was happening in this era that caused change? correct answersVietnam war, nuclear actions, 3-mile island, Vietnam hostage situation, and many civil rights movements What was Reagan's strategy? correct answersreduce government involvement, support much greater privatization, reduce/eliminate welfare, increase military spending and decrease corporation taxes He saw governme...

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6 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

Insightfulsh3rry

Nature of society in chapter 11 (starting in 1970s) correct answersreversing the course of the past - political economy Ronald Reagan's vision in chapter 11 correct answersreverse liberalist policies of the previous 2 decades - reduce government, amount of taxes, number of business regulations, m and inflation problem things Americans were concerned with in the 80s correct answersthe economy, the Vietnam War, the Cold War, and civil rights Valuing Decadence correct answers- George ...

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12 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

Insightfulsh3rry

1/110 adults is behind bars 1/35 adults under some form of correctional control correct answershowever, incarceration has decreased in recent years black and hispanic populations are disproportionally represented in the criminal justice system correct answersdisparities have shrunk in recent years U.S has the highest incarceration rate correct answers5% of world population lives in U.S but 20% of incarcerated people live in U.S three components of correctional theories correct answers1...

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6 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

Insightfulsh3rry

Common Law principle of Responsibility correct answers3 categories of youth offenders 1. Under 7 and not capable of harboring criminal intent 2. over 7 and under 14 presumed capable and punished 3. Over 14, definitely capable and subject to adult sanctions Progressive ideology correct answersJuvenile courts. Parole Probation Indeterminate sentencing Goal of the Juvenile Court correct answersChange kids. it went the way of punishment because of bureaucratic perspective Role of...

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3 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

Insightfulsh3rry

end of 1800's correct answers- marked by growing disillusionment with problems of the penitentiary - never gave up on the idea of incarceration - American reformers were not okay with the problems and conditions, but they still liked the idea - financial difficulties (due to the size of Auburn and Eastern State) - the problem with the penitentiaries correct answers- had nothing to do with the overall philosophy of it - the problem was how they were doing it examples of problems ...

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6 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

Insightfulsh3rry

Who is housed in a jail? correct answers- offenders who are waiting trial, or that are serving a sentence of a year or less How did jails originate? correct answers- originated in England - they were informal - they were used to detain people awaiting trial How did jails differ from modern jails? correct answers- no specific architecture or design - close to stocks and pillory - did not use individual cells - housed in groups - required to provide their own amenities How were jail...

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6 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

Insightfulsh3rry

The Military is designed to protect U.S. citizens from..... correct answersInternational threats. The criminal justice system is designed to protect U.S. citizens from.... correct answersDomestic Threats Three components of the criminal justice system. correct answersPolice Courts Corrections Two types of individuals that the corrections system deals with. correct answers1. Those arrested and awaiting trial. 2. Those convicted of crimes and are serving their punishment What is cor...

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7 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

Insightfulsh3rry

What was the nature of society during the age of discontent? correct answersThe hippie generation, Civil rights, Vietnam war protests, and assassinations What was the ideology of society prior to the 60's? correct answersDisinterested professionalism Nihilism correct answersIdea that arose in the 60's in which there was a rejection of moral authority and extreme skepticism of the government What was the goal conflict of the police in the 1960's? correct answersMaintaining order...

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7 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

Insightfulsh3rry

Correctional Ideology correct answersSystematic body of ideas and practices that pertain to the processing of offenders. Punishment, Rehabilitation, Prevention correct answers3 Ideology Categories Deterrent Effect correct answersExtent of crime control by incapacitation, threat of punishment, or announced potential sanction General Deterrence correct answersPreventing potential criminal behavior by making examples of offenders openly. Specific Deterrence correct answersPunishing offe...

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2 pages

Written in 2024/2025

Grade A+

Insightfulsh3rry