BIOL 252 Guides d'étude, Notes de cours & Résumés

astrocytes - ANSWER support and brace neurons and blood vessels, regulate ECF environment of CNS, formation of blood brain barrier, and repair damaged brain tissue oligodendrocytes - ANSWER insulator of CNS neurons- myelinates neurons microglia - ANSWER "immune cells" of CNS; clean up environment acting as wandering phagocytes ependymal cells - ANSWER ciliated epithelial cells that circulate cerebrospinal fluid schwann cells - ANSWER myelinate neurons of the PNS and repair damaged ...

endocrine system - ANSWER Glands secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, and nutrient use (metabolism) by body cells. what is the endocrine system composed of - ANSWER endocrine glands hormones of the endocrine system are synthesized where? - ANSWER in the glands where are hormones secreted? - ANSWER into the bloodstream 5 major organs of the endocrine system - ANSWER 1. hypothalamus 2. pituitary gland 3. thyroid gland 4. adrenal gland 5. pancreas ...

chondrocytes - ANSWER -responsible for calcification of cartilage matrix -mature chondroblasts -die after calcification bc cannot receive nutrients via diffusion tension - ANSWER -pulling from both sides -collagen fibers provide resistance to these forces compression - ANSWER -pushing from both sides torsion - ANSWER -twisting forces -opposite directions of adjacent lamellae provide resistance to these forces diaphysis - ANSWER -shaft/middle section of

Where would you expect to find dense regular elastic connective tissue? - ANSWER aorta What do you expect brown fat to produce low levels of given the cell's role in thermogeneration? - ANSWER ATP Where would you expect to find Fibrocartilage? - ANSWER Between the femur and tibia of the knee joint Which best describes why doctors recommend that women, who are prone to estrogen-dependent osteoperosis, take calcium suppliments? - ANSWER Women cannot make Ca2+, which is essential to maint...

Liver - ANSWER produces bile for fat emulsion pancreas - ANSWER produces digestive enzymes. Accessory organ of the digestive system that is both an endocrine and exocrine gland components of bile - ANSWER minerals, bile pigments, bile acids (salts), phospholipids, cholesterol hepatic sinusoids - ANSWER blood filled channels between the layers of hepatocytes in the liver chymotrypsin and trypsin - ANSWER pancreatic enzymes that digest proteins hepatic lobules - ANSWER microscopic s...

The sympathetic division: A. Is always inhibitory B. Is always stimulatory C. Is usually under conscious control D. Generally opposes the actions of the parasympathetic NS E. both a and d - ANSWER D. Generally opposes the actions of the parasympathetic nervous system Which event does not take place at the neuromuscular junction following stimulation? A. Synaptic vesicles fuse with the presynaptic membrane B. Calcium is secreted to the synaptic cleft C. ACH is cleaved by acetylcholin...

3 Major parts of the cardiovascular system - ANSWER - blood - heart - blood vessels blood - ANSWER carries important "stuff" through the body • stuff = amino acids, glucose, vitamins, oxygen, CO2, etc. Composition of the Blood - ANSWER - 55% plasma → fluids, proteins, nutrients - 45% formed elements formed elements - ANSWER • red blood cells (erythrocytes) • white blood cells (leukocytes) • platelets (thrombocytes) Plasma - ANSWER - water (90% of plasma) - proteins...

What do you think would happen if the elastic fibers in tissues were distensible but not elastic? - ANSWER This would cause the tissues to be unable to resume their original shape and size once the stretching forces were removed. Predict what would happen if the tight junctions in blood vessels were not functional. - ANSWER Tight junctions make the spaces between the cells relatively impermeable to water and many solutes. Nonfunctional tight junctions in blood vessels would allow much of the ...

Epimysium - ANSWER Connective tissue layer surrounding muscle organ Fasicles - ANSWER Muscular subunits that contain muscle cells. Coated by parimysium Muscle Cell - ANSWER Coated by endomysium Sarcolemma - ANSWER muscle cell cytoplasm Unique characteristics of muscle cells - ANSWER High concentration of mitochondria, multiple nuclei, sarcoplasmic reticulum, t-tubules, and myofibrils Sarcoplasmic Reticulum - ANSWER ER that covers the myofibrils

Matrix, Ground Substance - ANSWER Extracellular Fluid Histiology - ANSWER The study of tissue and how they are arranged Squamous - ANSWER thin, scaly cells Fusiform - ANSWER Elongated, with a thick middle and thin ends, like in smooth muscle lumen - ANSWER internal space of an organ Epithelial tissue - ANSWER Consists of a flat sheet of closely spaced cells 8 types of epithelial tissue - ANSWER Simple: simple squamous, simple columnar, simple cuboidal, pseudo-stratified columna...