Ottawa University

three types of blood vessels - Answer arteries - arterioles (resistance vessels), capillaries (exchange vessels - only has endothelium, pretty weak), veins three types of arteries - Answer muscular (distributive - has the most smooth muscle and collagen) and elastic (conductive - has the most elastic tissue), and arterioles (more flexible) three layers of blood vessel wall - Answer 1. tunica intima (innermost layer - low friction surface so blood can travel easily), 2. tunica medi...

What are the 3 layers of blood vessels? - Answer Tunica intima, tunica media and tunica externa Innermost tunica intima - Answer Simple squamous epithelium to allow a low friction surface Middle tunica media - Answer Smooth muscle and elastic tissue to control the diameter Outermost tunica externa - Answer Nerve and elastic fibers Vasa vasorum - Answer Tiny blood vessels that supply blood for larger ones Vasoconstriction - Answer Smooth muscle constricts to decre...

Cytology - Answer study of cells Histology - Answer study of tissues Embryology - Answer study of developmental changes before birth Developmental Anatomy - Answer traces structural changes that occur in the body throughout the life span Palpate - Answer examine (a part of the body) by touch, especially for medical purposes. Auscultate - Answer To listen to sounds within an organ with a stethoscope medical imaging technology - Answer X-ray, MRI (magnetic re...

intracellular fluid (ICF) - Answer fluid within cells, 2/3rds of body water extracellular fluid (ECF) - Answer fluid spaces between cells (2/3rds interstitial and lymph) and plasma space (1/3rd), 1/3rd of body water electrolytes in ICF - Answer potassium, phosphate, magnesium, sodium, bicarbonate electrolytes in ECF - Answer sodium, chloride, potassium, calcium, magnesium, bicarbonate, phosphate hypervolemia - Answer fluid volume excess (usually ECF) in vascular spaces...

Critical Thinking A C E S - Answer Assumptions - be aware of Context - understand for each scenario Explore - alternative ways of thinking, feeling, seeing, knowing Skeptical - be skeptical of the truth Steps to the nursing process - Answer 1. Assessment - subj & obj 2. Diagnosis - ... related to ... as evidence by 3. Planning - care plan, smart goals 4. Implementation/ teaching - using visuals (care map, clinical pathway), return demonstration, pt summarizes 5. Evaluation - ...

The nurse is caring for a client who has heart failure and encourages the client to alternate rest and activity periods to reduce cardiac workload. Which phase of the nursing process is the nurse demonstrating? a) Planning b) Diagnosis c) Evaluation d) Implementation - Answer d) Implementation The nurse is planning care for a client and uses a visual diagram of client problems and interventions to illustrate the relationships among pertinent clinical data. Which format is the nurse usi...

What are the 3 primary upper intestinal disorders? - Answer Gastritis Upper gastrointestinal Bleeding Peptic ulcer disease Gastritis - Answer Breakdown and inflammation of gastric mucosa Stomach acid breaks into mucosa. May cause gastric edema, disruption of capillaries Etiology and pathophysiology of gastritis - Answer Breakdown of mucosal barrier that protects stomach from HCl. HCl can diffuse back into mucosa, results in tissue edema, disruption of capillary walls with loss...

Describe a peripheral vascular system assessment - Answer Inspection: skin color, venous flow, edema, varicose veins. Cap refill time, blanching to observe return of color should be within 3 seconds Palpation: pulses in neck and peripheral; pulsation volume (normal, bounding, weak, etc.), rigidity of vessel Describe the steps of a thorax assessment - Answer Inspection and palpation: general observation and feel areas like intercostal spaces Auscultation: should hear S1 and S2 (systole...

3 mechanisms of breathing - Answer ventilation, diffusion, perfusion Ventilation - Answer mechanical movement of airflow between atmosphere and alveoli Diffusion - Answer vital mechanism for internal and external respiration Perfusion - Answer pumping/flow of blood into tissues and organs-systemic and pulmonic systems 3 factors that influence perfusion - Answer Cardiac output - MAP Gravity Pulmonary vascular resistance Epistaxis; what is it and what are causes? - ...

4 different surgical settings - Answer Emergency; Unexpected, urgent Elective; Planned Inpatient; same-day admission Ambulatory; same-day surgery, usually under 2hrs, under 3-4hrs in PACU/PARR Pre-operative interview includes information regarding: - Answer Which medications (anticoagulants, ASA) or herbal remedies NPO instructions Pain management options Infection prevention, wound care Post-op discharge and care Why should herbal remedies be stopped pre-op? - Answer We do...