University of St Andrews

Cell Structure Element Learning Outcomes: -Describe and draw the major organelles and structures of eukaryotic cells as seen using electron microscopy. -Appreciate the relative size of the different organelles. -Appreciate the functions of the main cellular organelles and cell compartments. -Recognise organelles in some histological sections. Realise that not all details of a cell can be seen by light microscopy but that the vast majority of cells contain these organelles. -Recognise that ...

Introduction to Immunology Element Learning Outcomes: -Describe the different lines of defence available to combat bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. -List the different chemicals produced in the bodies defence mechanisms -Explain the terms chemotaxis and opsonisation and their importance in defence mechanisms -Outline the functions of lymphocytes and NK cells in the immune response -Understand the principle of how vaccination/immunisation works

Acute Inflammation Element Learning Outcomes: -Describe the principal causes of acute inflammation -List the physical characteristics of acute inflammation -Describe the vascular and exudative phases -Recognise the macroscopic and microscopic appearances of acute inflammation -Describe the beneficial, harmful and systemic effects of acute inflammation

Chronic Inflammation Element Learning Outcomes: -Describe the sequelae of acute inflammation -Name the important causes of chronic inflammation -Describe the macroscopic and microscopic appearances of chronic inflammation -Name the cells of chronic inflammation -Describe the role of the macrophage and its derivatives in chronic inflammation

Genetics and Environmental Causes of Disease Element Learning Outcomes: -Describe the contribution of genetic factors to human disease -Identify common environmental factors that contribute to human disease -Describe the major classes of infectious agent and routes of transmission. -Describe the role of chemical and physical agents in causing human disease -Discuss why it is so difficult to ascertain genetic vs environmental causes of disease and methods used to study this conundrum

Infections of the Skin Element Learning Outcomes: -Explain the role of the commensal microbiota in and on the body/skin -Explain how the skin's structure (epidermis, dermis, hypodermis) acts as a defensive barrier against pathogens. -Describe how breaks in the layers of the skin can lead to infection. -Outline the different types of pathogens (bacteria, viruses, fungi, [parasites]) that can cause skin and soft tissue infections. -Illustrate specific infections each pathogen can cause (e.g...

Intro to Infection Control & Prevention Element Learning Outcomes: -Recognise your role as a medical student with regards to the prevention and control of infection -Recognise that infection prevention and control (IPC) is a recurring theme throughout the curriculum -Recognise that infection control is an integral part of patient safety -Know how to access the online infection control programme - SIPCEP -Understand what is expected for completion of required SIPCEP units

Introduction to Microbial Infection Element Learning Outcomes: -Define and explain key microbiological terms such as microorganism, pathogen, infection, pathogenicity, and virulence, and identify major medically significant microorganisms -Describe and discuss the association between microorganisms and disease, including Koch’s postulates and their limitations -Categorise environmental, commensal, obligate and opportunistic pathogens, providing real-world examples of each -Compare and app...

Making an Infection Diagnosis Element Learning Outcomes: -List the main modalities for making a laboratory diagnosis of infection -Understand the nature of the diagnostic process and the role of the infection specialist -Define the terms sensitivity and specificity and relate them to the doctor patient interaction timelines -Describe what specimens can be taken -Describe the methods that are used to make a microbiological diagnosis -Describe the impact of molecular biology on diagnostics

Surgical Site Infections Element Learning Outcomes: -Understand what is meant by Surgical Site Infection -Appreciate the history of surgical site infection -Appreciate the basics of wound healing -Recognise the clinical signs of surgical site infections -Describe appropriate measures to take in pre-, intra- and postoperative phases of care to prevent infection -Recognise the importance of device associated infections and prosthetic joint infections