CELLULAR BIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY

OVERVIEW OF THE PROTEIN STRUCTURE AND DIFFERENT BONDS THAT HELP TO KEEP THE STRUCTURE INTACT

OVERVIEW OF THE STEPS INVOLVED IN GLYCOLYSIS AND Krebs cycle WITH DIAGRAM.

Lipids are hydrophobic (non-polar). They have few oxygen atoms and can’t form as many polar bonds. They are insoluble in water.

FUNCTIONS OF SMOOTH ER, FUNCTIONS OF ROUGH ER AND TRANSLOCATION ON MEMBRANE BOUND RIBOSOMES

Enzymes- proteins that act as a catalyst and increase the rate of reactions without being used up in the reaction. Urea water----carbon dioxide 2 x ammonia

DNA replicated by semi-conservative replication which means each parental strand of

Plant cells have the components of the eukaryotic cells or animal cells but may have chloroplasts, vacuole and cell wall.

How two strands of DNA join to form a double helix- they bind by complementary base pairing. The sugar-phosphate backbone points in opposite direction.

DETAILED INFORMATION ON CARBOHYDRATES AND THE TYPES OF CARBOHYDRATES. ALSO INCLUDES DIAGRAMS AND ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS WHICH ARE FREQUENTLY ASKED IN EXAM PAPERS. ALSO HIGHLIGHTED THE IMPORTANT DETAILS OF THE SUBJECT WHICH IS VERY USEFUL.