2 Practical Scientific Procedures and Techniques

This assignment explores the application of thin layer chromatography (TLC) and paper chromatography to separate and identify components in mixtures, specifically plant pigments from spinach and various amino acids. Using silica gel as the stationary phase and acetone or ammonia solution as the mobile phase, pigments and amino acids were separated based on their solubility and adsorption characteristics. RF (retention factor) values were calculated to aid in identifying compounds such as caroten...

This assignment explores two key practical investigations: the calibration of digital and alcohol thermometers, and the analysis of cooling curves for paraffin wax and stearic acid. The thermometer calibration was conducted using ice water and boiling water to assess measurement accuracy. The cooling curve experiment involved heating and cooling 8g samples of both substances, recording temperature changes at one-minute intervals over 17 minutes. The resulting data was analyzed to identify phase ...