Universiteit Utrecht (UU) • Biologie

Summary for the second exam of the genomics course that will be taught in the fourth period of the bachelor's degree in Biology at Utrecht University. The document contains complete content about all the lectures, terms and processes you need to know before the exam. The document also includes photos to make the processes clearer. Contains a lot of bioinformatic-related substances.

Concise, lecture‑based summary of Week 4, covering the physical principles underlying cellular behaviour, oxygen‑dependent regulatory pathways in plant development, and organelle organization in neurons. Ideal for rapid revision of biophysical modelling of cytoskeletal and cellular processes, hypoxia signalling and stress responses, and the dynamic architecture of neuronal organelles such as mitochondria, ER and endosomes.

Concise, lecture‑based summary covering Week 2-3 of the course. Includes core concepts from Agathe Chaigne on mitotic and cytokinetic dynamics, Frederik Verweij on extracellular vesicle biogenesis and trafficking, Anne Rios on organoid‑based human cancer immunity models, Emmanuel Marquez Legorreta on whole‑brain circuitry underlying innate fear responses, and Ting‑Feng Lin on calcium imaging approaches to study neural plasticity. Ideal for rapid revision of cell division mechanics, EV bi...

Compact, lecture‑based summary of Week 1, covering Anna Akhmanova’s Cytoskeleton and Regulation of Microtubule Dynamics lectures, and Lukas Kapitein’s Cytoskeletal Motor Proteins. Ideal for rapid revision of actin and microtubule architecture, polymerization kinetics, dynamic instability, +TIP recognition, motor protein mechanisms (kinesin, dynein, myosin), and the molecular logic that drives intracellular transport, cell division and cytoskeletal organization.

Compact, exam‑focused summary of Week 2 covering fluorescence principles, photophysics, fluorophores, sample preparation, fixation and labeling strategies, confocal imaging, optical sectioning, and key exercises/seminar insights.

Compact, exam‑focused summary of HC07-HC09, exercises and seminars. Covers super‑resolution methods (STORM, PALM, STED, SIM), live‑cell imaging principles, phototoxicity control, modality choice, detectors, environmental stability and practical troubleshooting.

Compact, exam‑focused summary of HC10-12 and the tutorial. Ideal for quick revision of EM principles, TEM/SEM/cryo‑EM workflows, tomography vs SPA, CLEM strategies, sample prep, contrast mechanisms, radiation damage, and choosing the right EM technique.

Compact, exam‑focused summary covering HC01-03 and exercises. Ideal for quick revision of light properties, basic optics (Snell, lenses, NA, resolution), and core contrast methods including brightfield, phase contrast, DIC and fluorescence imaging.

Compact, exam-oriented summary of Chapters 24, 25 and 26, including all learning objectives, detailed e-Learning questions, Team tests, self-tests and seminars. Ideal for rapid recurrence of glycogen breakdown, glycogen synthesis, hormonal regulation (insulin, glucagon, adrenaline) and the coupling between glycogen metabolism and signal transduction within Metabolism & Biochemistry.

Compact, exam-oriented summary of Chapters 18, 19, 20 and 21, including all learning objectives, detailed e-Learning questions, Team tests, self-tests and seminars. Ideal for rapid repetition of pyruvate dehydrogenase, citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, electron transport chain and ATP production in Metabolism & Biochemistry.

Compact, exam-oriented summary of Chapters 15, 16 and 17, including all learning objectives, detailed questions from e-Learnings, Team tests, self-tests and seminars. Ideal for rapid repetition of energy metabolism, glycolysis regulation, gluconeogenesis and the CORI cycle in Metabolism & Biochemistry.

Compact, exam-oriented summary of enzyme catalysis and enzyme kinetics, including all learning objectives, detailed e-Learning questions, self-test, TEAM tests and seminar assignments. Ideal for rapid repetition of enzyme action, ΔG concepts, Michaelis‑Menten, KCat/km and multi-substrate flows.

Compact, exam-oriented summary of Chapters 3, 4 and 10, including all learning objectives, detailed questions from e-Learnings, Team tests, self-tests and seminars. Ideal for rapid repetition of amino acids, protein structures and enzymatic principles in Metabolism & Biochemistry.

Comprehensive, exam-oriented summary of the first week of Metabolism and Biochemistry (Chapters 1 and 2). Includes all learning objectives, detailed e-Learning questions, self-test, team tests, and seminar answers. The substance covers the basics of biomolecules, water chemistry, weak interactions, hydrophobicity, thermodynamics and pH regulation. Ideal for fast, structured and complete preparation for DT1.

Compact, exam‑focused summary of the Week 6-8 lectures, tests and tutorials, covering all core concepts. Ideal for quick revision of enhancer biology, chromatin marks, eRNA function, enhancer‑promoter looping, comparative genomics, evolutionary mechanisms of regulatory change, transcription factor duplication, Polycomb/Trithorax systems, bivalent chromatin and DNA methylation within Gene Regulation.

Compact, exam‑focused summary of the Week 3-4 lectures, tests and tutorials, covering all core concepts. Ideal for quick revision of lambda‑phage lysis/lysogeny control, operator logic, cooperativity, long‑range interactions, RecA‑mediated switching, synthetic gene circuits, autoregulation, feed‑forward loops and fundamental gene regulatory network motifs.

Compact, exam‑focused summary of the Week 1–2 lectures, tests and tutorials, covering all core concepts. Ideal for quick revision of genome organization, promoter architecture, sigma‑factor recognition, operators, activators/repressors, the Lac operon, cis/trans regulation, and the lambda phage genetic switch.

Compact, exam-oriented summary of Chapters 14, 15 and 16, including all learning objectives and detailed questions from e-Learnings, Team tests and seminars. Ideal for rapid repetition of digestion, energy metabolism, ATP management and the basics of metabolic regulation within Metabolism & Biochemistry.

Compact, exam-oriented summary of Chapters 8 and 9, including all learning objectives, detailed e-Learning questions, self-test, Team tests and seminar assignments. Ideal for rapid repetition of enzymatic catalysis, inhibition, chymotrypsin mechanisms, and oxygen transport by haemoglobin and myoglobin.

Comprehensive study guide for Neurobiology covering memory systems, emotional processing, sex differences in the brain, sleep physiology, and complex cortical functions. Based on lectures, tutorials, learning goals, and self‑assessment questions. Includes clear explanations of declarative and non‑declarative memory, hippocampal circuits, engrams, amygdala pathways, reward systems, hormonal influences on brain development, circadian rhythms, sleep stages, and EEG patterns. Structured for clar...