Universiteit Leiden (UL) • crisis and security management

This is a critical review essay for the Digital Crime course at Universiteit Leiden, analyzing Ezeji's 2024 article on emerging technologies, cybercrime, and misinformation strategies. The review examines methodological weaknesses, theoretical framework issues, and problematic data interpretation in the original study, with particular focus on mixed-methods design failures and sampling limitations. Useful for understanding academic critique standards, research methodology evaluation, and cybe...

Group paper for the Behavioural Change Approaches to Cybersecurity course (8921CS008) at Universiteit Leiden, examining public Wi-Fi security risks through a behavioural lens. The paper applies the PATH(S) model to analyze why users make unsafe Wi-Fi choices, covering problem identification, theoretical analysis, and intervention design using colour-coding and VPN prompts. Valuable for understanding how behavioural nudges can improve cybersecurity habits and for Crisis and Security Management st...

This literature review examines cyber conflict as a potential revolutionary change in global affairs, written for the Cyber Conflict in International Relations course at Leiden University's Faculty of Governance and Global Affairs. The paper analyzes three major scholarly perspectives: cyber conflict as revolutionary paradigm shift (power redistribution, institutional erosion), as evolutionary continuity (updated espionage and sabotage), and implications for global order and international law...

This argumentative paper for the Security: Actors, Institutions and Constellations course at Leiden University critically examines Tokdemir & Klein's diversionary-conflict model through the lens of Nigeria's Boko Haram crisis. The paper analyzes economic decline, state capacity erosion, and terrorist group behavior, arguing that the model's predictions fail to account for Boko Haram's actual strategic choices during this period. Essential reading for understanding crisis management,...

This argumentative paper examines Taehee Whang's domestic audience logic for sanctions policy through a deviant case study of the 2014 Obama-Cuba normalization. The paper challenges Whang's framework by analyzing why lifting sanctions without target compliance generated public approval rather than audience costs, arguing that presidential agency—not just coercive resolve—drives domestic political benefits from sanctions decisions. Using process tracing, polling data, and evidence of sh...

This essay examines how Ukraine's rule of law framework evolved during prolonged emergency governance from , using Bedner's elementary approach to analyze procedural elements, substantive rights, and controlling mechanisms. The analysis draws on World Justice Project Rule of Law Index data to trace differentiated responses across rule-of-law dimensions, revealing that procedural legality endured while civil liberties diminished significantly under martial law. Essential reading for the Sec...

This 1,498-word essay examines how AI-enabled targeting systems affect the rule of law in military operations for the Security and the Rule of Law course (8921M011) at Universiteit Leiden. The analysis focuses on the tension between operational efficiency and legal accountability, assessing how AI impacts necessity, proportionality, and accountability under international humanitarian law and the UN Charter. Essential reading for understanding the governance challenges posed by algorithmic milita...

This essay analyzes Brenton Tarrant's manifesto 'The Great Replacement' through the lens of ontological (in)security theory for the course Security Challenges in a Globalizing World at Leiden University. The paper examines how global processes like migration, economic instability, and cultural diversification create existential insecurity, and how individuals construct narratives of othering and purification to restore meaning and stability. Essential reading for understanding the psych...

Crisis and Security Management Msc - Learning & Accountability + Mandatory Reading Summaries. + Opinion paper - Professional review of an investigation report (grade 9). + Final paper - Critical Review of an Academic Journal Article (grade 7). Week 1 - 7 of L&A, given at Leiden University. No AI was used! Also, all proceeds from this summary go to humanitarian aid organizations supporting disaster and conflict zones.

Reading notes for Cyber Crisis Management and Resilience (8921CS006) at Universiteit Leiden, synthesizing key literature on how organizations handle cyber incidents as enterprise-wide crises. Coverage includes cyber incident escalation models, crisis communication theory (SCCT), ransomware impacts, data breach consequences, organizational preparedness frameworks, post-incident psychological effects, and Security Operations Center effectiveness. Essential for understanding the socio-technical dim...

Lecture notes from the Cyber Crisis Management and Resilience course (8921CS006) at Universiteit Leiden, covering the fundamentals of cyber crises and organizational crisis management. Topics include the definition and characteristics of cyber incidents versus crises, the crisis window concept, cyber harm models, crisis management cycles (SANS, NIST), and the technical and social dimensions of incident response. Essential for understanding threat detection, containment, eradication, and recovery...

Lecture notes from the Digital Crime course (8921CS042) at Leiden University covering all foundational concepts in cybercrime theory and criminological frameworks from all the lectures

Lecture notes for the Digital Crime course (8921CS042) at Universiteit Leiden, covering weeks 1-2 of the 2025/26 academic year. Topics include cybercrime definitions and categorization (Wall, Grabosky, McGuire), criminological theories applied to digital offending (Routine Activity Theory, Life-Course Criminology, Online Disinhibition Effect), investigative challenges, and the critique of technological solutionism. Essential study material for understanding how traditional criminology frameworks...

This final assignment for Security and the Rule of Law (8921M011) at Leiden University examines the UK government's 2025 proscription of Palestine Action under counterterrorism legislation. The paper analyzes whether the ban on the pro-Palestinian protest group was justified on security grounds or represented a disproportionate suppression of political dissent, assessing the decision against rule-of-law principles of legality, necessity, and proportionality. The assignment demonstrates how to...

Crisis and Security Management Msc - Security & the Rule of Law + Mandatory Reading Summaries of Lectures and Seminars. + Final paper. Week 1 - 6 of RoL, given at Leiden University. No AI was used for this summary. Also, all proceeds from this summary go to humanitarian aid organizations supporting disaster and conflict zones.

Crisis and Security Management Msc - Crisis and Risk Communication + Mandatory Reading Summaries. + Final Paper. Week 1 - 7 of CRC, given at Leiden University. Missing: - Week 2b and Week 4a optional readings. - Week 6 & 7 have no required readings. No AI was used for this summary. Also, all proceeds from this summary go to humanitarian aid organizations supporting disaster and conflict zones.

Crisis and Security Management Msc - Governing Threats: Risk, Vulnerability and Crisis Preparedness. End grade: 8.5. Mandatory Reading Summaries. Practice Quiz Questions (grade 10.0). Example of Policy Brief (grade 9.0). Week 1 - 7 of Gov_Threats, given at Leiden University. No AI was used to make this summary. Also, all proceeds from this summary go to humanitarian aid organizations supporting disaster and conflict zones.

Crisis and Security Management Msc - Security: Actors, Institutions, and Constellations. End Grade 8.0. 1)Mandatory Reading Summaries. 2)Lecture Notes. 3)Practice Exam Questions. 4)Quizlet Link to Practice for Exam. 5) Midterm Paper. Week 1 - 7 of SAIC, given at Leiden University. I got a 8 for the Exam and so did my friends by using this summary! No AI was used to make this summary. Also, all proceeds from this summary go to humanitarian aid organizations supporting disaster and c...

This was the final (individual) assignment we had to do for the Security Challenges in a Globalizing World course (Master; Crisis and Security Management). We had to conduct a literature review on a terrorist manifest (Christchurch Shooter). The grade I received was a 8,2

From anxiety to fear: An ontological insecurity casus on the Manifesto The Great Replacement.