Universiti Teknologi MARA

This document is a Fluid Mechanics tutorial on Hydrostatic Forces as part of a Week 4 and 5 Hydrostatics module. It covers the concept of hydrostatic pressure on plane and curved surfaces, including pressure distribution, the center of pressure, and force calculations on submerged structures. Applications such as hydraulic gates and pressure prism methods are included. The tutorial provides worked examples, problem-solving exercises, and step-by-step derivations of hydrostatic force formulas, ma...

This document is a Fluid Mechanics tutorial on the Momentum Equation using the control volume approach as part of a Week 11 and 12 Hydrodynamics module. It covers the application of Newton’s Second Law to fluid flow, including jet impacts on stationary flat, inclined, and curved surfaces. The tutorial explains force analysis, momentum conservation, and reaction forces on solid bodies in fluid systems. It includes worked examples, problem-solving exercises, and step-by-step calculations, making...

This document is a Fluid Mechanics tutorial on Buoyancy as part of a Week 6 and 7 module. It covers Archimedes’ Principle, the stability of floating and submerged bodies, and the concepts of metacenter and metacentric height. The tutorial explains the equilibrium of floating bodies, the forces acting on submerged objects, and the conditions for stability. It includes worked examples, problem-solving exercises, and applications such as floating pontoons. With references to key engineering princ...

This document is a Fluid Mechanics tutorial covering the concepts of Ideal and Real Fluids as part of a Week 13 and 14 Hydrodynamics module. It explains the differences between inviscid and viscous flow, introduces Reynolds number to classify laminar and turbulent flows, and discusses flow over immersed bodies, including boundary layer theory, lift, and drag forces. The tutorial includes worked examples, problem-solving exercises, and comparisons of different flow types. With references to key e...

This document is a Fluid Mechanics tutorial focusing on the Energy Equation and Flow Measurement as part of a Week 9 Hydrodynamics module. It introduces Bernoulli’s Equation and its applications in free jet and confined flow, along with flow measurement techniques such as pitot tubes, venturimeters, orifices, notches, and weirs. The document explains static, dynamic, and stagnation pressure, energy loss in real fluids, and graphical representations of energy changes in pipelines. It includes w...

This document is a Fluid Mechanics tutorial focused on the Continuity Equation as part of a Week 8 Hydrodynamics module. It covers fundamental concepts of fluid flow, including flow classifications, velocity, discharge, and the principle of mass conservation. The tutorial explains closed and open systems, control volume analysis, and derives the Continuity Equation for steady flow. It includes practical examples with step-by-step solutions, calculations, and exercises for self-assessment. With r...

This document is a **Hydrodynamics tutorial** for **EC110 at UiTMKS2**, focusing on the **Continuity and Energy Equations** and their applications in fluid mechanics. It presents a series of problems related to **fluid flow in pipes**, including changes in pipe diameters, branching pipelines, discharge and velocity calculations, and energy losses. Key concepts such as **Bernoulli’s Equation, Venturimeter, orifice flow, siphons, pitot tubes, and manometers** are also explored. The tutorial incl...

The document presents an engineering assignment on optimizing a truss system for a floating tower model using materials like plastic straws, satay sticks, and spaghetti. It covers structural analysis using the joint and section methods, comparing manual calculations with LinPro software. The study evaluates material strength-to-weight ratios, geometric truss configurations (triangular, diamond, Pratt, and Howe trusses), and cost-effective, sustainable design strategies. Challenges such as buoyan...

The document covers the analysis of statically determinate suspension cables, focusing on their structural behavior and force distribution. Cables are structural elements that carry loads purely through tension and are commonly used in suspension bridges, roofs, and transmission lines. The document categorizes different types of cable systems, including cables subjected to point loads, uniformly distributed loads (UDL), and combinations of both at varying support levels. It explains key principl...

The document provides an introduction to structural engineering, covering fundamental concepts such as types of structures, forces acting on structures, equilibrium equations, and conditions for determinacy. It explains different structural forms, including trusses, beams, columns, arches, and frames, highlighting their load-bearing characteristics. The document categorizes forces into external (e.g., gravity, wind) and internal (e.g., tension, compression, shear, torsion). Additionally, it disc...