SPCE 609
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It must account for a substantial quantity of behavior. An explanation has limited usefulness if it fails to account for the bulk of human behavior and thus makes prediction and systematic change of behavior impossible 
Verifiable 
We should be able to test in some way that it does account behavior 
Predictive utility 
It should provide reliable answers about what people are likely to do under certain circumstances, thereby giving the practitioner the opportunity to change behavior by...
- Summary
- • 17 pages's •
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SPCE 609•SPCE 609
Operant Extinction 
responding that meets the reinforcement contingency no longer produces the reinforcer and, as a result, it falls to baseline (no-reinforcer) levels. 
 
Can be used to eliminate problem behavior 
 
Page 169-171 
B.F. Skinner and The Behavior of Organisms 
After each of the rats had pressed the lever and earned food about 100 times, Skinner disconnected the feeder so the lever pressing no longer produced this reinforcer. This introduced an extinction contingency. 
IF lever pres...
- Summary
- • 29 pages's •
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SPCE 609•SPCE 609
Group Experimental Designs 
evaluate if the behavior of a treatment group (independent variable ON) is statistically significantly different from that of a control group (independent variable OFF). If so, then the difference is attributed to the independent variable 
Four weaknesses of group experimental designs 
1- when independent variable is therapeutic, no one wants to be in the control group 
2-focusing on behavior of a group means not studying the individuals which is a part of the definit...
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SPCE 609•SPCE 609
A-B Design (chapter 7) 
A two-phase experiment consisting of a pretreatment baseline condition followed by a treatment condition 
Affirmation of the Consequent (chapter 7) 
A three-step form of reasoning that begins with a true antecedent-consequent (if-A-then-B) statement and proceeds as follows: (1) If A is true, then B is true; (2) B is found to be true; (3) therefore, A is true. Although other factors could be responsible for the truthfulness of A, a sound experiment affirms several if-A-the...
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SPCE 609•SPCE 609
Permanent Product 
Change in environment lasting for measurement. 
Natural Permanent Product Measurement 
Assessing behavior through lasting environmental changes. 
Behavior Definition Precision 
Clarity in defining behaviors for measurement. 
Percentage of Opportunities 
Ratio reflecting behavior response frequency. 
Human Error 
Main threat to data accuracy in analysis. 
Cumulative Record 
Graph showing total responses over time. 
Steeper Slope 
Indicates higher response rate on cumulative rec...
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SPCE 609•SPCE 609
Provide no more than three verbal warnings before putting the individual in timeout. 
The textbook outlines four guidelines for effectively using timeout from positive reinforcement. Which of the following is NOT one of those guidelines? 
timeout from positive reinforcement 
Most people today have first-hand experience with the negative punishment technique known as _______________________________. This method of punishment was pioneered in the animal lab and adapted for use by applied behavior ...
- Exam (elaborations)
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SPCE 609•SPCE 609
placebo control 
a procedure that prevents a subject from detecting the presence or absence of treatment variable 
procedural fidelity 
the extent to which procedures in all phases & condition of an experiment, including baseline, are implemented correctly 
What is replication in an experiment? 
Repeating conditions within an experiment to determine the reliability of effects and increase internal validity. 
What is generalization in an experiment? 
Repeating whole experiments to determine the g...
- Exam (elaborations)
- • 23 pages's •
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SPCE 609•SPCE 609
Discrete Trial 
any operant whose response rate is controlled by a given opportunity to emit the response 
Behavior Altering Effect 
An increase or decrease in behavior due to the reinforcement history. 
Behavior 
the portion of an organisms interaction with the environment that involves some movement of the organism 
Automatic Reinforcement 
Reinforcement that occurs in the absence of social consequences 
Continuous Measurement 
Measurement procedures that capture every occurence of a behavior ...
- Summary
- • 10 pages's •
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SPCE 609•SPCE 609
Behavior analysis goals 
1. Useful to accurately predict behavior (our own and others) 
2. Useful to understand behavior so well that we could positively influence actions contributing to that solution. 
 
Page 47 
Independent variable 
A publicly observable change, controlled by the experimenter, which is anticipated to influence behavior in a specific way. 
 
The thing the researcher believes will change behavior if it is manipulated. 
 
Page 47 
The "jury" in behavioral science 
Compose...
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SPCE 609•SPCE 609
Repeatability 
Refers to the fact that a behavior can occur repeatedly through time 
Temporal extent 
refers to the fact that every instance of behavior occurs during some amount of time 
Rate 
A fundamental measure of how often behavior occurs expressed as count per standard unit of time (frequency/time) 
Artifact 
An outcome or result that appears to exist because of the way is it measured but in fact does not correspond to what actually occurred 
Time sampling 
A measure to of the presence or...
- Summary
- • 21 pages's •
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SPCE 609•SPCE 609