COMPUTERS

I. Introduction to Pain Medicine • Overview of Pain Medicine • The role of pain management in clinical practice • History and evolution of pain management • Key pain medicine organizations and certifications (e.g., American Academy of Pain Medicine, American Board of Pain Medicine) • Ethical considerations in pain management II. Anatomy and Physiology of Pain • Nervous system structure and function o Central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) o Pain pat...

1. Introduction to Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery • Overview of the field of otolaryngology: history, scope, and the subspecialties • The role of an otolaryngologist in the management of head and neck conditions • Ethical issues in otolaryngology: patient care, informed consent, and confidentiality • The multidisciplinary team approach in otolaryngology: working with speech therapists, audiologists, radiologists, oncologists, and other healthcare professionals • Continuing...

1. Introduction to Orthopaedic Sports Medicine • Overview of sports medicine: Definition, scope, and history in orthopaedic practice • Role of the orthopaedic sports medicine physician in managing athletic injuries and promoting physical health • Ethical and professional considerations in orthopaedic sports medicine • Understanding multidisciplinary collaboration in sports medicine: physiotherapists, athletic trainers, nutritionists, and other specialists • Current trends and adva...

1. Introduction to Ophthalmology • Overview of ophthalmology as a medical specialty: history, scope, and evolution of the field • Role and responsibilities of an ophthalmologist in patient care • Basic understanding of vision and eye anatomy • Ethical considerations in ophthalmology practice • Professionalism in ophthalmology: patient communication, cultural competency, and understanding of patient autonomy • Continuing education and certifications in ophthalmology: board exams...

I. Obstetrics (30%) • Preconception Counseling and Care o Risk assessment and health promotion strategies for women planning pregnancy. • Prenatal Risk Assessment and Prevention o Screening and diagnostic procedures for prenatal care. • Supervision of Normal Pregnancy o Management of uncomplicated pregnancies, including routine evaluations. • Obstetric Complications o Identification and management of conditions such as preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and intrauterine growth r...

I. Basic Neuroscience and Neuroanatomy • Neuroanatomy of the Head and Neck o Overview of brainstem, cerebellum, and brain structures involved in balance and hearing o Cranial nerve anatomy, particularly the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII) o Central auditory pathways: cochlear nucleus, superior olivary complex, inferior colliculus, and auditory cortex o Vestibular system anatomy: semicircular canals, otolith organs, and their connections to the central nervous system o Cortical mapping ...

1. Basics of Neuroradiology • Introduction to Neuroradiology o Overview of neuroradiology as a subspecialty o Importance in clinical practice o Imaging modalities and their role • Radiographic Anatomy and Imaging Techniques o Cross-sectional imaging (CT, MRI, ultrasound) o Conventional radiography (X-rays) in neuroimaging o Functional imaging techniques (PET, SPECT, fMRI) o Advanced MRI sequences (diffusion-weighted imaging, spectroscopy, perfusion MRI) • Principles of Radiation ...

I. Neuromuscular Anatomy and Physiology • Basic Neuroanatomy o Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) structure o Anatomy of the spinal cord and brainstem o Sensory and motor pathways o Autonomic nervous system o Cranial nerve anatomy and function • Neurophysiology o Resting membrane potential and action potential o Synaptic transmission and neurotransmitter systems o Neuromuscular junction function o Muscle contraction and relaxation mechanisms o Reflex...

1. General Pediatrics and Development • Pediatric Neurological Development o Normal motor, sensory, cognitive, and speech development in infants and children o Assessment of developmental milestones (motor, social, language, cognitive) o Variations in developmental stages and their clinical significance • Pediatric History and Physical Examination o History-taking specific to pediatric neurological cases (family history, prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal history) o Pediatric neurolog...

I. Neurologic History and Examination • Patient History o Detailed neurological history-taking o Assessment of presenting symptoms: onset, duration, frequency, triggers o Family history of neurological conditions o Personal and social history (e.g., lifestyle, habits, occupational history) o Review of systems with a focus on neurological systems o Psychosocial history: effects on daily life and functioning • Neurological Examination o General examination (alertness, cognitive status...