1. Question : What term is used to describe a hernial protrusion of a saclike cyst that contains meninges, spinal fluid, and a portion of the spinal cord through a defect in a posterior arch of a vertebra? Student Answer: Encephalocele Meningocele Spina bifida occulta Myelomeningocele Instructor Explanation: Myelomeningocele is a hernial protrusion of a saclike cyst containing meninges, spinal fluid, and a portion of the spinal cord with its nerves through a defect in the posterior ...

NR 507 psychophysiology final examination Chamberlain College of Nursing Question 1 2 / 2 pts What period follows depolarization of the myocardium and represents a period during which no new cardiac potential can be propagated? Correct! Refractory Threshold Sinoatrial (SA) Hyperpolarization During the refractory period, no new cardiac action potential can be initiated by a stimulus. This selection is the only option that accurately identifies the period described in the question. Q...

1. Notebook-Gould's Pathophysiology for the Health ProfessionsAtrophyHypertrophyHyperplasiaMetaplasiaDysplasiaAnaplasiaNeoplasiaEdema is usually more severe in dependent areas of the body, where the force of gravity is greatest, such as the buttocks, ankles, or feet of a person in a wheelchair. Prolonged edema interferes with venous return, arterial circulation, and cell function in the affected area.TABLE 2-3 Comparison of Signs and Symptoms of Fluid Excess (Edema) and Fluid Deficit (Dehydrati...

1. Air is inhaled through the process of Ventilation (mechanical movement of gas or air into and out of the lungs, necessary to ensure sufficient perfusion) through the lungs. 2. Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into pulmonary capillaries (dense network of blood vessels surrounding the alveoli), moving oxygen from the pulmonary veins (only veins which carry oxygenated blood) to the left side of the heart (atriumventricle) to the aorta into systemic arterial circulation. 3. Perfusion (exchange of O2 ...

Musculoskeletal: A fracture is a break in the continuity of a bone. A break occurs when force is applied that exceeds the tensile or compressive strength of the boneTypical Complete Fractures Closed fracture Skin overlying the bone is intact Open fracture Communicating wound between bone and skin Comminuted fracture Multiple bone fragmentsExamples of Types of Bone Fractures. A, Oblique: fracture at oblique angle across both cortices. Cause: direct or indirect energy, with angulation and some com...

BronchodilatorsPharmacodynamicsContraindications & PrecautionsADR • usually transient →temporary reduction in dose may alleviate some of the side effects • palpitations • supraventricular & ventricular ectopic beats • CNS excitation → tremors, dizziness, shakiness, nervousness, and restlessness • headache Drug interactions • digitalis glycosides→ increased risk of cardiac arrhythmias→monitor ECG carefully • Beta agonists used with beta-adrenergic blocking agents (in...

PULMONARY: review concepts related to anticholinergic drugs and the treatment for asthmaCARDIOVASCULAR: review concepts related to cardiac output, cardiac contractility – ssystole/diastole & S1 & S2- The cardiac cycle begins with ventricular diastole when the muscle cells in the ventricles are relaxed, allowing for passive movement of 70% of blood from the atria to the ventriclesheart valves (when they are open and closed; the production of S1 & S2),- The superior & inferior ve...

endometrial cycle and the occurrence of ovulation- the menstrual cycle consist of three phases: the follicular/proliferative phase (postmenstrual), followed by the luteal/secretory phase (premenstrual), and the ischemic/menstrual phase. *Ovarian hormones control the uterine (endometrial) events of the menstrual cycle. During the follicular/proliferative phase of the ovarian cycle estrogen produced by the follicle causes the endometrium to proliferate (proliferative phase) and induces the L...

What is the most abundant class of plasma protein? Globulin Albumin Clotting factors Complement proteinsCarcinoma in situ is characterized by which changes? Cells have broken through the local basement membrane. Cells have invaded immediate surrounding tissue. Cells remain localized in the glandular or squamous cells. Cellular and tissue alterations indicate dysplasia.Which laboratory test is considered adequate for an accurate and reliable diagnosis of gonococcal urethritis in a symptomatic man...