ap biology

AP BIOLOGY UNIT 3-ENERGY AND METABOLISM |LATEST UPDATE {GRADED A+} 1st law of thermodynamics - energy cannot be created or destroyed, but can change forms cellular respiration equation - C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP cellular respiration - makes ATP for cell use; uses glucose and oxygen makes waste products of carbon dioxide and water -occurs in mitochondria -NADH is the electron carrier used Glycolysis - -occurs in the cytoplasm; anaerobic -rearranges the bonds ...

AP BIOLOGY UNIT 2-CELLS DEFINITIONS {GRADED A+} Prokaryotic - no membrane bound organelles no nucleus(single; circular DNA) free ribosomes and cell wall example: bacteria Eukaryotic - has chloroplasts and nucleus multiple linear DNA histones on DNA example: all other living things Nucleus - holds DNA and nucleolus (where ribosomal subunits are made) Mitochondria - double membrane; outer= smooth, inside= folded with enzymes to make ATP( site of cellular respiration (gluc...

Clinical Skills Exam|Complete and A+ Graded A(n) _____ temperature reading of someone's body temperature is considered to be the most accurate. A. oral B. rectal C. tympanic (aural) D. axillary B When measuring a patient's vital signs, you would take all the following EXCEPT: A. temperature B. respiration rate C. blood pressure D. pulse E. weight E Normal respiratory rates for adults are within the following ranges: A. 18 to 30 per minute B. 12 to 20 per minute C. 30 to 40 p...

Clinical Skills Exam 2|Complete and A+ Graded Types of Lubricants? Most common in PT? - Creams are most common - Oils (too slippery) - Powders Most important when positioning a pt for a massage? - Pt must be well supported and comfortable - Must have enough pillows to properly support pt 3 key openings in a massage? - Back - Front - Side Body Mechanics for PT for the Back? - Make sure pt is close to you by slightly angling them so PT can have a good spinal posture, reducing mechan...

Clinical Skills Exam|Complete and A+ Graded Nails should be trimmed to no longer than 1/4 in Handwashing should be performed: · Before and after every patient encounter. · After contact with bodily fluid (i.e. blood, excretions, secretions). · After contact with equipment contaminated with bodily fluid. After removing gloves Traditional handwashing must be used when: · Hands are visibly soiled. · Infections with spore-forming organisms are present (Clostridium difficile, norov...

Clinical Skills and Reasoning Exam Questions And Answers Graded A+ Healing Process by which the body repairs bone , tissue or organ damage caused by injury, infection or disease. Stage 1 of an injury Bleeding phase , 6-8 hours exempt complex trauma 24 hours + Inflammation a localized response to an injury or to the destruction of tissues, 3-5 days Infection The invasion of body tissues by disease-causing pathogens. What causes infection viruses and bacteria Stage 2 of an injury I...

Clinical Skills and Reasoning Exam Questions And Answers Graded A+ Healing Process by which the body repairs bone , tissue or organ damage caused by injury, infection or disease. Stage 1 of an injury Bleeding phase , 6-8 hours exempt complex trauma 24 hours + Inflammation a localized response to an injury or to the destruction of tissues, 3-5 days Infection The invasion of body tissues by disease-causing pathogens. What causes infection viruses and bacteria Stage 2...

Clinical Skills Exam|Complete and A+ Graded Nails should be trimmed to no longer than 1/4 in Handwashing should be performed: · Before and after every patient encounter. · After contact with bodily fluid (i.e. blood, excretions, secretions). · After contact with equipment contaminated with bodily fluid. After removing gloves Traditional handwashing must be used when: · Hands are visibly soiled. · Infections with spore-forming organisms are present (Clostridium difficile, n...

Clinical Skills Exam 1|Complete and A+ Graded single most important factor in preventing the spread of infections hand hygeine standard precautions everything is infectious until proven otherwise infection invasion of pathogenic organisms that are actively causing illness colonization presence of organisms that are on or in a patient, but are not showing signs or symptoms of infection primary routes of infectious disease transmission contact droplet airborne cate...

Clinical Skills Exam|Complete and A+ Graded A(n) _____ temperature reading of someone's body temperature is considered to be the most accurate. A. oral B. rectal C. tympanic (aural) D. axillary B When measuring a patient's vital signs, you would take all the following EXCEPT: A. temperature B. respiration rate C. blood pressure D. pulse E. weight E Normal respiratory rates for adults are within the following ranges: A. 18 to 30 per minute B. 12 to 20 per minute C. 30 t...

Clinical Skills Exam|Complete and A+ Graded Aftercare for sutures Instruct patient to watch for bleeding, infection, scarring. Keep clean. Advise when to return for suture removal. Contraindication for sutures cellulitis, bleeding disorders, deep puncture wound, infected skin, grossly contaminated wounds Indication for sutures superficial wounds Suture check off skills ● Wash or sanitize hands. ● Inquire as to patient's tetanus status, presence of latex allergy or use o...

Clinical Skills Exam 2|Complete and A+ Graded Types of Lubricants? Most common in PT? - Creams are most common - Oils (too slippery) - Powders Most important when positioning a pt for a massage? - Pt must be well supported and comfortable - Must have enough pillows to properly support pt 3 key openings in a massage? - Back - Front - Side Body Mechanics for PT for the Back? - Make sure pt is close to you by slightly angling them so PT can have a good spinal posture, reduc...

Clinical Skills Exam |Complete and A+ Graded What are the 7 steps of hand washing? Rubbing hands palm to palm to generate lather Right palm over left dorsum with fingers interlaced and vice versa Palm to palm with fingers interlaced Backs of fingers to opposing palms with fingers interlocked Rotational rubbing of left thumb clasped in right palm and vice versa Rotational rubbing, backwards & forwards with clasped fingers of right hand in left palm and vice versa Rotating the ...

Clinical Skills|Complete and A+ Graded Refer to the component of a letter that is placed on the third line below the inside address and written as "Re:" followed by the letter's subject. Body of the letter Salutation Subject Line Identification Line Subject Line Which term describes communication within an office or with another department in the same facility? Letter Facsimile Memorandum Composition Memorandum The physician has asked for a...

Clinical Skills|Complete and A+ Graded Droplet Transmission Larger particle size, organism travels and then falls to a surface (ex. sneezing) Airborne Transmission Smaller particle size, which enables organisms to travel long distances when suspended. Negative pressure rooms required (ex. TB, Shingles, Measles) Contact Precautions Microorganisms MRSA, Influenza, Varicella/Zoster, RSV (kids, respiratory virus), Giardia (intestinal parasite), Lice, Scabies MDRO Precautions Micro...

Clinical Skills Final Exam Practical|Complete Questions with A+ Graded Answers what are the contents of the cubital fossa? radial nerve, biceps tendon, brachial artery, median nerve, lymph nodes what are the bear claw landmarks? thumb = adductor tubercle index = pes anserine middle = tibial tuberosity ring = gerdy's tubercle pinky = fibular head how do you find the mastoid process? bony prominence behind the ear how do you find the external occipital protuberance? starti...

ULTIMATE AP Biology Exam Review Questions and Answers Graded A+ Define the following: isotope, valence shell, covalent bond, ionic bond Isotope- one of several atomic forms of an element, each with the same # of protons, but different number of neutrons Valence shell- the outermost energy shell of an atom, containing valence electrons involved in chemical reactions Covalent bond- bond where the electrons are shared Ionic bonds- a chemical bond resulting from the attractions between op...

Pre-AP Biology Final Exam with complete solutions Hypothesis An "if, then" statement predicting the outcome of an experiment. Independant Variable The variable that is changed in an experiment; goes on the X-axis when graphed. (DRY MIX) Dependant Variable The variable that relies on the independant variable in an experiment; goes on the Y-axis when graphed. (DRY MIX) Constant The variable that is not changed in an experiment. Control The standard variable that is used...

Chapters 1-12 AP Biology Exam Complete Questions and Answers Biology is the study of _____. life There are a number of properties that all organisms share. In humans, exposure to ultraviolet light can result in a darkening of the skin. What kind of property is this? response to the environment What is the scientific term for a group of interacting individuals of the same type, living in the same area at the same time? population Which series of terms is in the sequence of bio...

AP Biology Unit 2.1 AP Exam review Questions and Answers What is the structure and function of the ribosome? A ribosome has two subparts, one large subunit and one small subunit. A ribosome functions to synthesize proteins using messenger RNA How does the structure of a ribosome aid in its function? Because ribosomes are made of ribosomal RNA it aids in its ability to read mRNA. because of its structure it can take in the mRNA and read it to synthesize proteins What are the three ty...