- Biochemistry

It is important for cells to degrade misfolded proteins. If misfolded proteins are not degraded, the misfolded proteins may aggregate and interfere with normal cellular function Which form(s) of DNA exhibit(s) a zigzag arrangement? Z-DNA In DNA, the phosphate groups are on the outside of the helix. Why does this stabilize the structure? Ionic interactions with the solvent A segment of DNA containing 20 base pairs includes 8 adenine residues. How many uracil residues are present? 0 The di...

True or False: According to the Module, a compound with a molecular mass of 1,000 g/mol is considered a macromolecule. False (macromolecule > 5,000 g/mol) True or False: Biomolecules can have two or more different functional groups. True True or False: The following functional group is an amine. C2H5NH2 True True or False: In a eukaryotic cell, the organelles called peroxisomes serve the purpose of digesting macromolecules. False (peroxisomes degrade dangerous/hazardous molecu...

Which of the following is not required in the synthesis of fatty acids? A) Acetyl-CoA B) Biotin C) HC03- (C02) D) Malony1-C0A E) NADH E Which of the following is not true of the reaction producing malonyl-CoA during fatty acid synthesis? A) It is stimulated by citrate. B) It requires acyl carrier protein (ACP). C) It requires C02 (or bicarbonate). D) One mole of ATP is converted to ADP + Pi for each malonyl-CoA synthesized. E) The cofactor is biotin. B If malonyl-CoA is synthesized ...

What are three main points are glycogen 1. storage of glucose 2. glucose molecules attach to each other when in this form 3. this is the preferred source to maintain blood [glucose] - as it is made up of glucose What is degradation of glycogen to glucose-1-phosphate breakdown What is synthesis of glycogen to glucose-1-phoshphate converting glucose to glycogen to be stored until required When glucose-1-phosphate is going to glucose-6-phosphate, what is happening it is a conversion, a...

exergonic/endergonic energy exits/enters the system, negative/positive dG exothermic/endothermic heat exits/enters the system, negative/positive dH entropy dS is always positive, disorder of universe tends to increase enthalpy dH = dE + PdV, heat Gibbs free energy dG = dH - TdS, negative dG means reaction is spontaneous and favorable, this is determined by both Keq and Q dG' = - RTlnK'eq dG = dG' + RTlnQ, Q = Keq but not at any given time ATP -> ADP + P, dG = -12 a...

carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids What are the four types of organic macromolecules? biochemical organic macromolecules What is the official name for carbs, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids? carbon, hydrogen, oxygen What are the three elements that make up carbohydrates? monosaccharide What is the general term for a carbohydrate? glucose, galactose, fructose What are three examples of simple carbohydrates? hexagon, pentagon, hexagon What are the shapes of glucose, ...

Which of the following statements about enzymes are true: 1. Catalysis occurs at the active site, which usually consists of a crevice on the surface of the enzyme. 2. Generally, an enzyme is specific for a particular substrate. For example, thrombin catalyzes the hydrolysis of the peptide bond between Arg and Gly. 3. An enzyme yields a specific product, whereas a nonbiological catalyst may produce more than one product, and side reactions may occur. 4. Nonbiological catalysts and enzymes t...

chemical formula for water H₂O polar molecule molecule has positive and negative sides DUE to unequal sharing of electrons examples of polar molecules salt, sugar, water non-polar molecule molecule that shares electrons equally and does not have oppositely charged ends examples of non-polar molecules oils, fats, waxes cohesion attraction between like molecules (two water molecules) adhesion attraction between unlike molecules (water and glass) meniscus curved water line at top o...

How many elements have been found to occur in nature? 92 Living organisms are made up of energy and matter. True or false? True Why is chemistry important in the study of biology? The body is composed of chemical elements. Chemical reactions occur in the body. Chemistry studies matter and energy. The most abundant elements in the body are _____. hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen This element is needed for cellular respiration. oxygen Elements abundant in the body are not abundant on...

Histones are _________ Charged and are rich in _________ Amino Acids - Positively - Lysine and Arginine "LA" DNA Methylation occurs on which Nucleotides? Cytosine and Adenine Cytosine is _________ and turned to Uracil Deaminated Cytosine → Uracil Add ________ to Uracil to form _________ Methyl Group Thymine Uracil → Thymine Purine Synthesis requires GAG - Glycine - Aspartate - Glutamine Pyrimidine Synthesis Requires - Aspartate - Carbamoyl Phosphate - Leflunomid...

BIOCHEMISTRY LAB REPORT 4 2023

BIOCHEMISTRY LAB REPORT 4 2023

Major Classes of Biological molecules carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids Elements found in biological molecules H, Na, Mg, K, Ca, C, N, O, P, S, Cl, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Se, I, Mo, W Common functional groups in biological molecules -Methyl -Ethyl -Phenyl -Carbonyl -Ether -Ester -Acetyl -Anhydride -Guanidinium -Imidazole -Sulfhydryl -Disulfide Name common linkages in biological molecules Structural features of carbohydrates Linear but most of the times for...

Conversion of CO2 to organic compounds by a wide variety of living organisms is referred to as A. photoablation. B. ossification. C. photosynthesis. D. sequestration. E. carbon fixation E. carbon fixation Reduced molecules become _____ upon donating an electron in a redox reaction. A. saturated B. bound to oxygen C. oxidized D. reduced C. oxidized Given equal masses (the same number of moles of a compound), which phase of matter has the greatest entropy? Gas Which of the follo...

weaker the higher the dielectric constant, the (stronger/weaker) the interaction between charges stronger alcohol causes dehydration, which leads to (stronger/weaker) charges in the body cooling high heat capacity of water has what affect on the body? high heat of vaporization what property of water helps prevent dehydration? high does water have a high or low dielectric constant? clathrate molecules of one component are physically trapped within the crystal structure of another (ex. ...

In a bacterial cell, the DNA is in the: A) cell envelope. B) cell membrane. C) nucleoid. D) nucleus. E) ribosomes. C) nucleoid. A major change occurring in the evolution of eukaryotes from prokaryotes was the development of: A) DNA. B) photosynthetic capability. C) plasma membranes. D) ribosomes. E) the nucleus. E) the nucleus. In eukaryotes, the nucleus is enclosed by a double membrane called the: A) cell membrane. B) nuclear envelope. C) nucleolus. D) nucleoplasm. E) nucleos...

Thermodynamics the study of energy transformations first law of thermodynamics -Interconverted -Energy is conserved second law of thermodynamics Universe tends towards maximum disorder -All physical and chemical processes -Maintain homeostasis Entropy -Change in randomness or disorder of reactants to products Enthalpy the heat content of a system Bioenergetics The field of bio chem concerned with energy free energy energy that is available to do work - Approaches 0 as equilibriu...

When delta G is negative, which of the following is not true? A) it favors products B) it gives off heat C) it is spontaneous D) it is instantaneous E) it is exergonic it is not instantaneous Which of the following does not contain a carbonyl? A) ester B) carboxylic acid C) ketone D) ether E) amide ether Which of the following is not a protein? A) albumin B) collagen C) cellulose D) peptide hormones E) enzymes cellulose What is hydrolysis? breakdown of large molecules...

How are biochemicals and organic compounds related? All biochemicals are organic compounds, but not all organic compounds are biochemicals What elements do biochemicals contain? C, H, O, N, P, S What is the broad role of biochemicals in the human body? Regulating our bodies to maintain homeostasis What is homeostasis? A biochemical process by which the internal steady state between the different chemical and physical processes When the body is maintaining homeostasis, what is normal.... ...

prokaryotes include how many domains of life? what are they? two, archaea and bacteria 95% of the cell is made up of what elements? O,C,H,N what are prokaryotes exclusively? single cell organisms why are prokaryotes more adaptable to changing environments? what does this allow them to do? simplicity and rapid cell division allows them to evolve to colonize extreme environments 4 classes of monomers? 1. amino acids 2. monosaccharides 3. nucleotides 4. lipids amino acids components? p...