Athabasca University (AU )

Facilitate delivery of nutrients and clearance of waste Intravascular volume balance Tissue Perfusion maintenance Promote oxygen delivery Augment cardiac output Correct/maintain electrolytes What are primary goals of intraoperative fluid management? (Think FIT-PAC) 60% Water constitutes what percent of lean body mass in an average adult? 75% Muscle is consider to be how much water? 10% Adipose tissue is considered to be how much water? 1/3 The extracellular fluid volume (ECF) const...

1 During initial rounds on the shift, the nurse finds that a patient's TPN solution has been infusing at a slower rate than ordered. It is now 2 hours behind. What should the nurse do? Notify the physician to receive new infusion orders 2 List the 5 rights of med administration: Patient, med, dose, route, time 3 Calculate the drip rate: Order 1000 mL of D5W to infuse 130 mL/hr. Drip factor of tubing is 20 gtts/mL. 130x20/60 = 43 gtt/min 4 When a patient is admitted with acute ...

Know labs discussed in class and meaning Anticoagulants: PT (Prothrombin Time), INR (International Normalized Ratio), aPTT (Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time) Diuretics: Electrolytes (Sodium, Potassium, Chloride), BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen), Creatinine Anti-infectives: WBC (White Blood Cell count), Culture and Sensitivity tests Antidote examples 1. Vitamin K for warfarin overdose 2. Protamine sulfate for heparin overdose 3. Naloxone for opioid overdose General nursing considerations f...

pulse oximetry measures oxygen level in the blood (arterial) pulse oximetry normal range 95-100 change pulse oximetry COPD, H and H, temperature, circulation urgent interventions raising head of bed ensure patency oxygen suctioning albuterol/other meds advanced ventilation nonurgent interventions education incentive spirometry nebulizer treatments turn/cough/deep breath factors that affect pulse oximetry poor circulation, skin pigment, skin thickness, temperature, nail polish ...

_____________ body largest organ and protects us from infection Skin is Must maintain integrity of ________________. skin and tissue (such as mucous membranes) Debridement Remove dead tissue Elasticity Ability of skin to stretch and relax. Skin without elasticity is more vulnerable to injury. Excision Removal by cutting Friction Injury Injury produces when 2 surfaces rub again each other Lesions Unexpected break/mark on skin. Many descriptors that include hives, rashes, papules (sol...

diuretics - MoA: blocks sodium and chloride reabsorption - promotes urine excretion - interferes with normal kidney function - ADVERSE: hypovolemia (excessive fluid loss), acid-base imbalance, altered electrolyte levels furosemide MoA & classification - loop diuretic; most effective, most urine output - effective even when glomerular filteration is low - blocks sodium and chloride reabsorption in Henle loop diuretics indications used alone or in combo to treat hypertension or edema f...

pulse oximetry measures oxygen level in the blood Pulse oximetry normal range 95-100 factors that affect pulse oximetry - poor circulation, skin pigment, skin thickness, temperature pulse oximeter sites Figner, toe, earlobe, bridge of nose, and forehead Respiratory Inspection looking for cyanosis; a bluish discoloration of the skin as a result of poor circulation Respiratory palpation Checks the trachea with fingers; should enter at the middle of the suprasternal notch Chest symmetry...

What are morals? private, personal, or group standards of right and wrong Moral behavior reflects personal moral beliefs What are beliefs? -something that one accepts as true -not always based on fact What are ethics? -systematic study of right and wrong conduct -formal process for making consistent moral decisions What are values? deeply held belief about the worth of something What are attitudes? -feelings toward person, object, idea -includes thinking and feeling component -wha...

Pain is a ___ experience subjective Nurses are legally and ethically responsible for assessing and managing pain What is pain? -unpleasant sensory/emotional experience -can warn of potential injury -multidimensional experience What destructive effects can pain cause? -sleep loss -irritability -cognitive impairment -functional impairment -immobility Pain causes the release of what vasoactive and pro-nociceptive mediators? -prostaglandins -bradykinin -substance P -histamine What...

1 Urinary tract obstruction - a blockage of urine flow from within the urinary tract the Severity of it depends on the location, completeness, one or both tracts, duration, and cause 2 Upper urinary tract obstruction - obstruction that has to do with the kidney and causes dilation of the ureter, renal pelvis, calyces proximal to the blockage it causes the Urine to back up like heart congestion (hydronephrosis), GFR decreases, fibrosis can occur 3 Calculi (stones) - masses of protei...

What is perioperative nursing? care of the client before, during and after surgery What is preoperative nursing? -before surgery -begins with decision to have surgery entering OR What is intraoperative nursing? during surgery i.e. OR to PACU (Post-Anesthesia Care Unit) What is postoperative nursing? after surgery i.e. PACU (Post-Anesthesia Care Unit) to full recovery Care of the patient having surgery has shifted from hospital focused to ___ focus home based Many surgeries and proce...

what is the functional unit of the kidney? nephron How does the nephron work? 1. Blood is filtered by the glomerulus as it enters at the Bowman's capsule 2. The filtrate passes through the proximal convoluted tube 3. It passes through the loop of Henle 4. It passes through the distal convoluted tubule 5. It passes through the collecting duct 6. The filtrate is modified to form urine 7. The urine exits the duct and enters the ureters 8. It enters the bladder 9. It exits through the ...

1 ADPIE assess, diagnosis, plan, implement, evaluate 2 Nursing Process a method to practice in organized systematic way leads to inferences about the meaning of patient's response to a health problem or the patient's functional state of health 3 Assessment collection and verification of data from patients & secondary sources as family then analysis 4 purpose of assessment establish database about the patients needs health problems and responses to these problems - nurs...

The stretchable quality of the cervical mucus at the time of ovulation is known as? a. Menarche b. Spinnbarkeit c. Mittelschmerz d. leukorrhea b. Spinnbarkeit A nurse is teaching a group of clients who are pregnant about measures to relieve backache during pregnancy. Which of the following should the nurse include? Select all that apply. a. avoid any lifting b. perform legal exercises twice daily c. perform the pelvic rock exercise daily d. use proper body mechanics e. avoid const...

premonitory signs of labor - braxton hicks contractions - lightening - increase in clear and non-irritating vaginal secretions (mucus plug) - "bloody show" on toilet paper - energy spurt / nesting - small weight loss - sometimes diarrhea - back ache - cervix ripening true vs false labor: pain true labor: - pain in lower back that radiates to abdomen false labor: - discomfort localized in abdomen - NO LOWER BACK PAIN true vs false labor: contractions true labor: - contra...

pain during childbirth increases the demand for oxygen and alters placental exchange of O2 and CO2 visceral pain slow, deep pain, poorly localized. dominates in first stage of labor with uterine contractions (tissue ischemia) and cervical dilation somatic pain faster, sharp pain, precisely located. dominates during transitional phase of stage 1 and stage 2 of labor descending fetus puts direct pressure on maternal tissues (distention of vagina and perineum) physiologic effects of ...

When caring for a patient with mild preeclampsia, it is critical that during assessment the nurse be alert for signs of progress to severe preeclampsia. Progress to severe preeclampsia is indicated by this assessment finding: a. Proteinuria greater than 2+, in two specimens collected 6 hours apart b. Platelet count of 180,000/mm3 c. Positive ankle clonus d. Blood pressure of 154/94 and 156/100, 6 hours apart c. Positive ankle clonus A nurse is admitting a client with a clinical diagnois ...

very preterm less than 32 weeks preterm born before completion of 37 weeks gestation, regardless of birth weight late preterm 34 0/7 - 36 6/7 weeks early term 37 0/7 -38 6/7 weeks full term 39 0/7- 40 6/7 weeks late term 41 0/7 -41 6/7 weeks post term 42 0/7 weeks and beyond post mature born after completion of week 42 of gestation and showing the effects of progressive placental insufficiency gravida total number of pregnancies term scoring number of babies born at term (37 w...

diabetes risks to a pregnancy macrosomia, IUGR, miscarriages, preterm labor, infections, shoulder dystocia congenital malformations: neural tube and cardiac defects interventions for a diabetic pregnant person diet/nutrition, exercise, insulin, monitoring blood glucose, urine testing, close surveillance of baby mode of birth for insulin dependent diabetes mellitus usually a scheduled delivery date, either an induction or c-section diabetes postpartum breastfeeding is encouraged insu...

BUN 10-20 Typical urine output An infant: 500-600 mL/ day A toddler/2-year-old: 500-780 ml/day A 5 to 8-year-old: 600-1200 mL/day A 9 to 14-year-old: mL/ day 15 and up: +1500/day Creatinine 0.6-1.2 mg/dL chief concern of a child with a renal disorders o Burning or cries on urination o Bloody or dark urine o Frequent urination o Abdominal pain o Flank pain o Enuresis o Frequent thirst o Weight gain o Strong urine odor o Increase in abdomen size o Periorbital edema o...