CLEP AMERICAN GOVERNMENT PRACTICE TEST 2023

12 of the 13 colonies met in Philadelphia in September in 1774 for what? - ANSWER-The First Continental Congress After the battles of Lexington and Concord__________________________ convened in May of 1775 - ANSWER-The Second Continental Congress "Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness" - ANSWER-"Natural Rights" John Locke's 3 rights, according to Thomas Jefferson and the Declaration of Independence Congressional powers adopted by the Second Continental Congress on November 15, 1777 - ANSWER-Articles of Confederation Refers to (one house) legislature or the Confederation Congress - ANSWER-Unicameral 5 states call to strengthen the national government - ANSWER-Annapolis Convention September 1786 A revolt of debtor farmers of Western Massachusetts - ANSWER-Shay's Rebellion James Madison proposed two house legislation plan - ANSWER-Virginia Plan Two house legislation plan - ANSWER-Bicameral A one house legislation plan, but expands revenue increases and commerce regulations - ANSWER-New Jersey Plan Representation is based on population - ANSWER-Proportional representation The House of Rep is based n population and Senate is divided equally, each state gets 2. - ANSWER-The Great Compromise or the Connecticut Compromise Percentages assigned to slaves to determine population in 1783 - ANSWER-Three-fifths Compromise Compromise over the vote for the Presidency - ANSWER-Electoral College The division of the government is known as - ANSWER-The separation of powers Limits the powers of one branch of government by the powers given to another branch - ANSWER-checks and balances The division of power between the national government and the states - ANSWER-Federalism Used to allow people to vote when they are traveling or away from their normal residence - ANSWER-Absentee ballot Policies that favor members of a protected group; used to equalize conditions in society - ANSWER-Affirmative action Political Party, most famous member is Alabama Gov. George Wallace; known for opposing racial desegregation - ANSWER-American Independent party Group that helps Native American tribes press land claims - ANSWER-American Indian Movement "friend of the court" states a position in a court case in writing - ANSWER-Amicus Curiae brief Restrictions placed on freemen in the aftermath of their emancipation - ANSWER-Black codes Radical African American Religious groups advocating racial separation and threatening violence to white society - ANSWER-Black Muslims Militant African-American organization willing to use violence to increase "black power" - ANSWER-Black Panther Party General Federal grants for whole area of public policy; gives the recipient flexibility - ANSWER-Block Grant Short-Lived political party that served as a vehicle for Teddy Roosevelt's 1912 campaign for president - ANSWER-Bull-Moose party Tax on the income made from the sale of real estate or stock - ANSWER-Capital Gains tax Federal Funds available to states and localities earmarked for a specific purpose - ANSWER-categorical grant State gathering of political party members to select candidates for office - ANSWER-Caucus Collects and analyzes information relevant to the national security if the United States. - ANSWER-Central Intelligence Agency Approach to the presidency in which the executive branch is merely an administrative arm of Congress - ANSWER-Chief Clerk Model The president's main legislative liaison and staff organizer - ANSWER-Chief of Staff the geographical area covered by a federal court of appeal - ANSWER-circuit When activists break a law that they consider unjust as a public challenge to the law - ANSWER-civil disobedience Individual liberties on which the government may not infringe - ANSWER-civil liberties Federal law preventing racial discrimination by any private business receiving federal money or engaging in commerce with an interstate component - ANSWER-Civil Rights of 1964 Banned discrimination in housing - ANSWER-Civil Rights of 1968 Standard used to judge speech restrictions that are allowed only when an exercise of free speech would directly threaten public safety - ANSWER-Clear and present danger Primary election where only a party's registered voters may vote to select the party's candidate for the general election - ANSWER-closed primary A vote of 60 or more senators required to end a filabuster - ANSWER-Cloture when the definition of obscenity shifts depending on the locale - ANSWER-Community standard Direct payment sought to recover from damages caused by a defendant - ANSWER-Compensatory damages Fugitive slave law protecting the South - ANSWER-Compromise of 1850 Opinion written by a court minority that accepts the judgement, but for alternative reasonings - ANSWER-Concurring opinion Government that decentralizes units, such as states are clearly dominate - ANSWER-Confederation American Policy to resist the spread of communism through counterforce - ANSWER-Containment Policy Different levels of government divide responsibly for public policy areas - ANSWER-Cooperative Federalism