MTTC Integrated Science Exam With Verified
Solution A+ Graded
Independent Variable - ANSWER The experimental factor that is manipulated; the
variable whose effect is being studied. Goes on the x-axis (horizontal) on a graph.
Dependent Variable - ANSWER The variable measured in an experiment. Goes on the
y-axis (vertical) on a graph.
Scientific theory - ANSWER Must be repeatable. Capable of being disproved and
changed.
Sampling and Sample Size - ANSWER Random sampling is best, but it isn't always
possible. A large sample will give the most accurate information.
Operating with Variables - ANSWER Only one variable at a time should be altered.
Control variable - ANSWER something that does not change in order to test the relative
effect of an independent variable
Reaction to Laboratory Accident - ANSWER In most cases 911 should be called
immediately.
Fire in a Beaker or Flask - ANSWER Do not use fire extinguisher. Only need to put a
watch glass or wet towel over it to cut off Oxygen supply.
Dissection Guidelines - ANSWER Specimens must be rinsed prior to using. Latex glover
preferred. Must try to avoid use of formaldehyde/ dispose of properly. Alternative must
be made available for those students who have a moral objection to the assingment.
,Lab Chemical Storage - ANSWER All in a locked, dry area. Acids stored separately.
History of Biological Sciences - ANSWER The study of the living was traced back to the
ancient Greeks, i.e. Aristotle
Andrea Vesalius - ANSWER Dissected human bodies; wrote a book on anatomy
Anton van Leeuwenhoek - ANSWER Father of Microscopy. First to see and describe
bacteria, yeast plants and microscopic life present in water
Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) - ANSWER Instead of a light, a beam of electrons
pass through specimen. Resolution about 1,000 times greater than light microscope.
Will kill specimen though.
Robert Hooke - ANSWER Famous for Hook's law describing elasticity. But called a
"virtuoso", able to contribute findings to any major field in science
Carl Von Linneus - ANSWER Famous for binomial system of nomenclature. Each living
organism has two names, a genus and species. Considered father of modern ecology
and taxonomy
Pasteur - ANSWER Discovered role of microorganisms in the cause of disease,
pasteurization and rabies vaccine.
Koch's Postulates - ANSWER Specific diseases caused by specific pathogens
Cell theory- ANSWER Cell is the common structural unit in plants and animals. Proposed
by Mattias Scheleiden and Schwann.
Watson and Crick- ANSWER Discovered the structure of DNA was a double helix back in
,the 1950s. Made it possible to understand how DNA replicated and synthesized proteins
Commonalities Among all Sciences- ANSWER - Systems, order, and organization
- Evidence, models, and explanation
- Constancy, change, and measurement
- Evolution and equilibrium
- Form and function
Empirical Evidence - ANSWER All evidence is empirical; all evidence must be observed
by the five sense.
Peer-reviewed Journals - ANSWER Most accepted source for information on scientific
experiments and studies
Air Pollution - ANSWER Chemicals in the air; include carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide,
and chlorofluorocarbons (CFC's)
Water Pollution - ANSWER Contaminants enter water by ground runoff or by leaching
Thermal pollution - ANSWER Factories dump water at high temperatures which raises
normal water temperatures. This means the water can hold less gas, disrupting the
ecosystem
Greenhouse gasses - ANSWER I.e. carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide. Concentration of
them is increased by burning fossil fuels. These gasses absorb and trap heat, therefore
warming the planet
Acid ran - ANSWER Sulfur and nitrous oxides converted to acids and contaminate water
supplies
, Prokaryotes- ANSWER One-celled organisms that have no membrane-bound nucleus
Flagella- ANSWER Hair-like appendages of bacterial cells; provide locomotion
Pili- ANSWER Allow bacterial cells to attach to other cells
Cell Wall- ANSWER a thin membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm of a cell
cell membrane ANSWER a layer of phospholipids surrounding the surface of a cell and
separating the interior of the cell from the cell's environment
eukaryotes ANSWER organisms whose cells contain a nucleus and other
membrane-bound organelles
nucleus ANSWER a region of the cell where DNA and RNA are found, and that is
responsible for cell growth and reproduction
Nucleolus - ANSWER The organelle where ribosomes are made, synthesized and
partially assembled, in the nucleus
Ribosomes - ANSWER site of protein synthesis
Endoplasmic Reticulum - ANSWER an internal membrane system in which components
of cell membrane and some proteins are constructed
Golgi apparatus - ANSWER stack of membranes in the cell that modifies sorts and
packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum
Lysosomes ANSWER an organelle containing digestive enzymes; mostly in animal cells
Solution A+ Graded
Independent Variable - ANSWER The experimental factor that is manipulated; the
variable whose effect is being studied. Goes on the x-axis (horizontal) on a graph.
Dependent Variable - ANSWER The variable measured in an experiment. Goes on the
y-axis (vertical) on a graph.
Scientific theory - ANSWER Must be repeatable. Capable of being disproved and
changed.
Sampling and Sample Size - ANSWER Random sampling is best, but it isn't always
possible. A large sample will give the most accurate information.
Operating with Variables - ANSWER Only one variable at a time should be altered.
Control variable - ANSWER something that does not change in order to test the relative
effect of an independent variable
Reaction to Laboratory Accident - ANSWER In most cases 911 should be called
immediately.
Fire in a Beaker or Flask - ANSWER Do not use fire extinguisher. Only need to put a
watch glass or wet towel over it to cut off Oxygen supply.
Dissection Guidelines - ANSWER Specimens must be rinsed prior to using. Latex glover
preferred. Must try to avoid use of formaldehyde/ dispose of properly. Alternative must
be made available for those students who have a moral objection to the assingment.
,Lab Chemical Storage - ANSWER All in a locked, dry area. Acids stored separately.
History of Biological Sciences - ANSWER The study of the living was traced back to the
ancient Greeks, i.e. Aristotle
Andrea Vesalius - ANSWER Dissected human bodies; wrote a book on anatomy
Anton van Leeuwenhoek - ANSWER Father of Microscopy. First to see and describe
bacteria, yeast plants and microscopic life present in water
Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) - ANSWER Instead of a light, a beam of electrons
pass through specimen. Resolution about 1,000 times greater than light microscope.
Will kill specimen though.
Robert Hooke - ANSWER Famous for Hook's law describing elasticity. But called a
"virtuoso", able to contribute findings to any major field in science
Carl Von Linneus - ANSWER Famous for binomial system of nomenclature. Each living
organism has two names, a genus and species. Considered father of modern ecology
and taxonomy
Pasteur - ANSWER Discovered role of microorganisms in the cause of disease,
pasteurization and rabies vaccine.
Koch's Postulates - ANSWER Specific diseases caused by specific pathogens
Cell theory- ANSWER Cell is the common structural unit in plants and animals. Proposed
by Mattias Scheleiden and Schwann.
Watson and Crick- ANSWER Discovered the structure of DNA was a double helix back in
,the 1950s. Made it possible to understand how DNA replicated and synthesized proteins
Commonalities Among all Sciences- ANSWER - Systems, order, and organization
- Evidence, models, and explanation
- Constancy, change, and measurement
- Evolution and equilibrium
- Form and function
Empirical Evidence - ANSWER All evidence is empirical; all evidence must be observed
by the five sense.
Peer-reviewed Journals - ANSWER Most accepted source for information on scientific
experiments and studies
Air Pollution - ANSWER Chemicals in the air; include carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide,
and chlorofluorocarbons (CFC's)
Water Pollution - ANSWER Contaminants enter water by ground runoff or by leaching
Thermal pollution - ANSWER Factories dump water at high temperatures which raises
normal water temperatures. This means the water can hold less gas, disrupting the
ecosystem
Greenhouse gasses - ANSWER I.e. carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide. Concentration of
them is increased by burning fossil fuels. These gasses absorb and trap heat, therefore
warming the planet
Acid ran - ANSWER Sulfur and nitrous oxides converted to acids and contaminate water
supplies
, Prokaryotes- ANSWER One-celled organisms that have no membrane-bound nucleus
Flagella- ANSWER Hair-like appendages of bacterial cells; provide locomotion
Pili- ANSWER Allow bacterial cells to attach to other cells
Cell Wall- ANSWER a thin membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm of a cell
cell membrane ANSWER a layer of phospholipids surrounding the surface of a cell and
separating the interior of the cell from the cell's environment
eukaryotes ANSWER organisms whose cells contain a nucleus and other
membrane-bound organelles
nucleus ANSWER a region of the cell where DNA and RNA are found, and that is
responsible for cell growth and reproduction
Nucleolus - ANSWER The organelle where ribosomes are made, synthesized and
partially assembled, in the nucleus
Ribosomes - ANSWER site of protein synthesis
Endoplasmic Reticulum - ANSWER an internal membrane system in which components
of cell membrane and some proteins are constructed
Golgi apparatus - ANSWER stack of membranes in the cell that modifies sorts and
packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum
Lysosomes ANSWER an organelle containing digestive enzymes; mostly in animal cells
