BIOD 152 Module 4 Exam
Why is the cardiovascular system a closed circulatory system? - ANSWER the fluid
contents are pumped from the heart throughout the body and back to the heart
What are some functions of the cardiovascular system? - ANSWER -Transportation
of gases, nutrients waste
-prevents loss of blood from ruptured vessels
-helps fight off pathogens
What does the study of the cardiovascular system cover? - ANSWER -muscular
heart
-blood vessels
-blood
Where is the heart located? - ANSWER Pericardial cavity within anterior portion of
the mediastinum
What separates the thoracic cavity into 2 pleural cavities? - ANSWER mediastinum
Layers of the heart - ANSWER -pericardium: double layered, surrounded by fluid
-myocardium: thickest layer
-endocardium: continuous with blood vessels
What anchors the heart to the diaphragm? - ANSWER pericardium
Which layer of the heart wall is the contractile layer - ANSWER Myocardium
4 chambers of the heart - ANSWER -right & left atrium: receiving chamber, smaller
-right & left ventricle: sending chamber, larger
What separates the 4 chambers into a right and left? - ANSWER Septum
What part of the heart is only present in fetuses? - ANSWER Fossa Ovalis:
-opening btwn atria
-allows blood to move directly btwn atria, bypassing the lungs
What is the purpose of having valves in the heart? - ANSWER To regulate the
direction of blood flow
Which valve sends blood out of the RV and into the pulmonary trunk? - ANSWER
Pulmonary valve
Which valve sends blood out of the LV into the aorta? - ANSWER Aortic valve
Why does the aortic valve need to be stronger? - ANSWER Because blood flow
leaving the LV has a stronger presser
, Which valve sends blood out of the RA and into the RV? - ANSWER Tricuspid valve
Which valve sends blood from the LA into the LV? - ANSWER Mitral valve (bicuspid)
blood pathway through heart valves - ANSWER -RA through tricuspid valve
-RV through pulmonary valve
-pulmonary trunk to pulmonary arteries to lungs
-lungs to pulmonary veins to LA (now is oxygenated)
-bicuspid valve to LV
-Aortic valve to aorta to body
Anatomy of vessels - ANSWER -arteries: carry blood away from heart
-arterioles: smaller arteries
-capillaries: gas exchange
-venules: small veins
-veins: carries blood to the heart
Arterioles - ANSWER -controlled by autonomic nervous system
-responsible for peripheral resistance (varying blood pressure changed by external &
internal conditions)
What is the difference between arteries and veins - ANSWER -Arteries: carry blood
away from the heart, thick elastic walls, has a pulse,
-veins: carry blood to the heart, thin compliant walls, has valves since it doesn't recoil
Anatomy of arteries and veins - ANSWER -lumen: opening
-tunica externa: helps anchor the vessel to surrounding structures
-tunica media: external elastic membrane, smooth muscle, & internal elastic
membrane
-tunica intima: sub-endothelial tissue & endothelium
What supplies blood to the heart? - ANSWER right and left coronary arteries
What are the 2 branches of the left coronary artery? - ANSWER -Anterior
interventricular branch
-Circumflex branch
Which branch of the left coronary artery supplies the LA and LV? - ANSWER
circumflex branch
What are the branches of the right coronary artery? - ANSWER -Marginal artery
-Posterior interventricular artery
Systemic blood flow order - ANSWER Aorta, Aortic arch, descending aorta, thoracic
aorta (above diaphragm), abdominal aorta (below diaphragm), branches throughout
body
Why is the cardiovascular system a closed circulatory system? - ANSWER the fluid
contents are pumped from the heart throughout the body and back to the heart
What are some functions of the cardiovascular system? - ANSWER -Transportation
of gases, nutrients waste
-prevents loss of blood from ruptured vessels
-helps fight off pathogens
What does the study of the cardiovascular system cover? - ANSWER -muscular
heart
-blood vessels
-blood
Where is the heart located? - ANSWER Pericardial cavity within anterior portion of
the mediastinum
What separates the thoracic cavity into 2 pleural cavities? - ANSWER mediastinum
Layers of the heart - ANSWER -pericardium: double layered, surrounded by fluid
-myocardium: thickest layer
-endocardium: continuous with blood vessels
What anchors the heart to the diaphragm? - ANSWER pericardium
Which layer of the heart wall is the contractile layer - ANSWER Myocardium
4 chambers of the heart - ANSWER -right & left atrium: receiving chamber, smaller
-right & left ventricle: sending chamber, larger
What separates the 4 chambers into a right and left? - ANSWER Septum
What part of the heart is only present in fetuses? - ANSWER Fossa Ovalis:
-opening btwn atria
-allows blood to move directly btwn atria, bypassing the lungs
What is the purpose of having valves in the heart? - ANSWER To regulate the
direction of blood flow
Which valve sends blood out of the RV and into the pulmonary trunk? - ANSWER
Pulmonary valve
Which valve sends blood out of the LV into the aorta? - ANSWER Aortic valve
Why does the aortic valve need to be stronger? - ANSWER Because blood flow
leaving the LV has a stronger presser
, Which valve sends blood out of the RA and into the RV? - ANSWER Tricuspid valve
Which valve sends blood from the LA into the LV? - ANSWER Mitral valve (bicuspid)
blood pathway through heart valves - ANSWER -RA through tricuspid valve
-RV through pulmonary valve
-pulmonary trunk to pulmonary arteries to lungs
-lungs to pulmonary veins to LA (now is oxygenated)
-bicuspid valve to LV
-Aortic valve to aorta to body
Anatomy of vessels - ANSWER -arteries: carry blood away from heart
-arterioles: smaller arteries
-capillaries: gas exchange
-venules: small veins
-veins: carries blood to the heart
Arterioles - ANSWER -controlled by autonomic nervous system
-responsible for peripheral resistance (varying blood pressure changed by external &
internal conditions)
What is the difference between arteries and veins - ANSWER -Arteries: carry blood
away from the heart, thick elastic walls, has a pulse,
-veins: carry blood to the heart, thin compliant walls, has valves since it doesn't recoil
Anatomy of arteries and veins - ANSWER -lumen: opening
-tunica externa: helps anchor the vessel to surrounding structures
-tunica media: external elastic membrane, smooth muscle, & internal elastic
membrane
-tunica intima: sub-endothelial tissue & endothelium
What supplies blood to the heart? - ANSWER right and left coronary arteries
What are the 2 branches of the left coronary artery? - ANSWER -Anterior
interventricular branch
-Circumflex branch
Which branch of the left coronary artery supplies the LA and LV? - ANSWER
circumflex branch
What are the branches of the right coronary artery? - ANSWER -Marginal artery
-Posterior interventricular artery
Systemic blood flow order - ANSWER Aorta, Aortic arch, descending aorta, thoracic
aorta (above diaphragm), abdominal aorta (below diaphragm), branches throughout
body
