ANSC 1401 Final Exam Review

ANSC 1401 Final Exam Review Cortisol - answera hormone produced by the adrenal cortex. It is elevated during stress and has been used as a gauge for degree of stress an animal is under Dark Cutter - answeran animal which is stressed at the time of slaughter Flight or fight response - answerresponse to a perceived harmful event , attack, or threat to survival Flight zone - answerthe distance that an animal is caused to flee from the intruder, animal's personal space Point of balance - answerlocated at the animals shoulder; cattle will move forward in a chute or pen when handler passes this point in the opposite direction Parasympathetic Nervous - answerautonomic nervous system, "rest and digest" system; conserves energy as it slows heart rate, increases intestinal and gland activity and relaxes sphincter muscles in the gastrointestinal tract Food Security - answerthe state of having reliable access to a sufficient quantity of affordable, nutritious food Food and Drug Administration (FDA) - answerinspects food and food-processing facilities to ensure wholesomeness and safety Generically Modified Organisms (GMO) - answeran organism that has been modified by altering one or more genes using rDNA technology Greenhouse Gases - answera gas that contributes to the greenhouse effect by absorbing infrared radiation ( carbon dioxide and chlorofluorocarbons) Growth Implants - answerthe process of adding tissues similar to those already present in the body to increase the size of an organism toward the goal of maturity when growth stops Ionophores - answerare feed additives used in cattle diets to increase feed efficiency and body weight gains Sub-therapeutic Antibiotics - answerquantities too low to treat diseases Sustainable Agriculture Practices - answeragriculture that meets the needs of the present generation without jeopardizing the ability of further generations to meet their own needs and without limiting their choices Therapeutic Antibiotics - answerused to treat clinically ill animals inhibit or kill bacteria; controls infectious diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria Technology - answerthe application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes, especially in industry Animal Science - answerthe combination of disciplines that together comprise the study of domestic animals; traditionally associated with livestock species; includes pet and companion animals Biometry - answerthe application of statistics to topics in biology Biofuel - answerfuel derived from biological materials such as crops and animal waste Carcass By-Products - answerthe remaining carcass (bones, organs, blood, beaks, etc) that is made into an additional food such as meal Domestic Livestock - answerthose species raised in a agricultural setting to produce commodities such as food, fiber and labor Ethology - answerthe study of animals in their natural environment; studies are used to compare species FAO - answerFood and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations; the largest autonomous agency within the United Nations; works to alleviate poverty and hunger by promoting agricultural development assistance Green Revolution - answerDramatic improvements in grain production in developing countries during the 1960s to the 1980s because of technological innovation and application Xenotransplantation - answertransplanting animal organs into humans Adaptation - answerthe sum of the changes an animal makes in response to environmental stimuli Centrally Planned Economy - answeran economy under government control; Prices, labor, and other economic inputs are controlled and are not allowed to fluctuate in accordance with supple and demand Developed Agriculture - answeradvanced farming practices on worldwide level Extensively Managed - answeragricultural systems practiced in a manner that spreads human time and attention across vast acreages and/or large number of animals Intensively Managed - answeranimals produced in intensive system are kept in more concentrated conditions, fed higher quality feeds, and have much more labor , technology, and overall attention directed to them