PNB 2264 Final Cumulative Exam

7. Phospholipids, a major component of the lipid bilayer, are classified as amphipathic molecules because: A. They contain hydrophilic fatty acid residues and hydrophobic phosphates B. They contain polar heads and non-polar tails C. They are able to interact with water D. All of the above: B. They contain polar heads and non-polar tails 8. Which of the following is NOT an example of passive transport? A. Transport of oxygen across the respiratory membrane B. The antiport of sodium and potassium ions by the Na+/K+ pump C. Movement of water molecules into a hypertonic solution D. Calcium entering the cell through a ligand gated ion channel: B. The antiport of sodium and potassium ions by the Na+/K+ pump 9. A cell is taken out of the body and placed into a test solution. The concentra- tion of solute X in the test solution is 100mM, and the concentration of solute X inside the cell is 200mM. The cell membrane is permeable to water but not solute X. Which of the following statements is/are true? A. There is a net flux of water out of the cell B. The test solution is hypertonic C. There is flux of water molecules into and out of the cell D. All of the above are true: C. There is flux of water molecules into and out of the cell 10. The intervertebral disks are composed of and connect . A. Dense regular connective tissue; vertebral bodies B. Fibrocartilage; spinous processes of cervical vertebrae C. Fibrocartilage; vertebral bodies D. Hyaline cartilage; vertebral bodies: C. Fibrocartilage; vertebral bodies 11. A key difference between carriers/transporters and ion channels is that: A. Carriers are selective, whereas ions channels are usually non-specific B. Carriers require a concentration gradient, whereas ion channels do not C. Carriers always consume ATP, but ion channels may or may not consume ATP D. Carriers are saturable, whereas channels are not: D. Carriers are saturable, whereas channels are not 12. Which is NOT a feature of cartilage? A. Avascular B. Cells C. Glycosaminoglycan molecules D. Hemidesmosomes E. Protein fibers: D. Hemidesmosomes 13. Which of the following situations best represents a homeostatic mecha- nism? A. A person who becomes very nervous begins to sweat. B. After going outside on a hot day, the core body temperature increases. C. After eating a large batch of salty popcorn, levels of salt in the urine increase. D. As age increases, the amount of calcium in bones tends to decrease. E. All of the above represent homeostatic mechanisms.: C. After eating a large batch of salty popcorn, levels of salt in the urine increase. 14. The matrix of hyaline cartilage features . A. Chondroitin sulfate B. Collagen fibers C. Both of the above D. Neither of the above: C. Both of the above 15. Which feature is found in growing long bones? A. Hydroxyapatite B. Osteoclasts C. Hyaline cartilage D. All of the above: D. All of the above 16. Which of the following lists the events of endochondral bone formation in the correct sequence? (Note: Some steps may be missing.) A. Periosteal bud formation, epiphyseal line formed, marrow cavity forms, primary center of ossification B. Cartilage cells die, periosteal bud formation, osteoblasts secrete osteoid, secondary center of ossification C. Epiphyseal disk is formed, primary center of ossification, osteoblasts se- crete osteoid, secondary center of ossification. D. Secondary center of ossification, osteoblasts secrete matrix of diaphysis, periosteal bud formation: B. Cartilage cells die, periosteal bud formation, os- teoblasts secrete osteoid, secondary center of ossification 17. Which is NOT a connective tissue cell? A. Bone cells