English
Plus
2.2
Grammar Unit 4
Relative clauses (betrekkelijke bijzinnen)
- Are those parts of the sentence that has a relation to main clause?
- Every relative clause is a sub clause but not every sub clause is a relative clause.
- Start or could have start with who/which, that, whose, when/where
Defining relative clauses:
The one who is best at spelling will check our work.
Main relative main
The student whose tablet is most up-to-date will enter the data.
Main relative main
That was the exact moment when I knew what to do.
main relative
If you leave the relatives out it won’t have the same meaning.
Relative clauses = à You can’t leave them out
à You don’t use commas to separate them from the main clause
peter, who is very bad at spelling, does not like math either
Main relative main
The intention of the phrase is that peter doesn’t like math so when you leave the relative out it doesn’t
really change
Non. Defining relative clause.
à Can be left out without changing intention.
à Use commas to separate from main clause.
Who à person (s)
Which à Thing (s) / animals
That
The one who is best at spelling will check our work.
That
Peter, who is very bad at spelling, does not like math either
Peter is the subject of then main clause and he’s the subject of the relative clause. Who cannot be
replaced.
Defining clause: subject = subject main clause à replace who/which by that
Non-defining clause: Subject = subject main clause à no that!
Who / which à formal
That à informal
The customers whom/who we sent our ad, never responded.
The customers we sent our ad to never responded.
The customers who/whom we sent our ad to never responded
, Grammar Unit 5
Ing form à gerund vs. infinitive
To + inf.
Inf.
We work à we worked
We might work à we might have worked
Usage à idiomatic
Stop to smoke = in order to smoke
Stop smoking = habit
The meaning changes
Remember to go to school = reminder
Remember going to school = it’s in your memory
Fruit is healthy
Subject
Eating Fruit Is healthy
subject
I love eating fruit
Object
Parties
Object
I love to eat fruit
We will stimulate staff by rewarding loyalty
A party
Grammar Unit 6
Must
May
May not
Might
Might not
Could
Can’t
Couldn’t
Mustn’t
You must be the new student
There must have been a problem
à there was a problem
we must have been looking in the wrong place
à we have been looking in the wrong place
present perfect
à have + pp. à have looked
have been looking
Plus
2.2
Grammar Unit 4
Relative clauses (betrekkelijke bijzinnen)
- Are those parts of the sentence that has a relation to main clause?
- Every relative clause is a sub clause but not every sub clause is a relative clause.
- Start or could have start with who/which, that, whose, when/where
Defining relative clauses:
The one who is best at spelling will check our work.
Main relative main
The student whose tablet is most up-to-date will enter the data.
Main relative main
That was the exact moment when I knew what to do.
main relative
If you leave the relatives out it won’t have the same meaning.
Relative clauses = à You can’t leave them out
à You don’t use commas to separate them from the main clause
peter, who is very bad at spelling, does not like math either
Main relative main
The intention of the phrase is that peter doesn’t like math so when you leave the relative out it doesn’t
really change
Non. Defining relative clause.
à Can be left out without changing intention.
à Use commas to separate from main clause.
Who à person (s)
Which à Thing (s) / animals
That
The one who is best at spelling will check our work.
That
Peter, who is very bad at spelling, does not like math either
Peter is the subject of then main clause and he’s the subject of the relative clause. Who cannot be
replaced.
Defining clause: subject = subject main clause à replace who/which by that
Non-defining clause: Subject = subject main clause à no that!
Who / which à formal
That à informal
The customers whom/who we sent our ad, never responded.
The customers we sent our ad to never responded.
The customers who/whom we sent our ad to never responded
, Grammar Unit 5
Ing form à gerund vs. infinitive
To + inf.
Inf.
We work à we worked
We might work à we might have worked
Usage à idiomatic
Stop to smoke = in order to smoke
Stop smoking = habit
The meaning changes
Remember to go to school = reminder
Remember going to school = it’s in your memory
Fruit is healthy
Subject
Eating Fruit Is healthy
subject
I love eating fruit
Object
Parties
Object
I love to eat fruit
We will stimulate staff by rewarding loyalty
A party
Grammar Unit 6
Must
May
May not
Might
Might not
Could
Can’t
Couldn’t
Mustn’t
You must be the new student
There must have been a problem
à there was a problem
we must have been looking in the wrong place
à we have been looking in the wrong place
present perfect
à have + pp. à have looked
have been looking
