Case Studies
Samstag, 25. Juni 2022
13:45
Nepal earthquake
The plates India and the Eurasian plate collided. The plates have converged
meaning compression. The Eurasian plate over ridded the India plate. The
epicenter was about 34km east-southeast of Lamjung and 77 km northwest of
Kathmandu. The hypocenter was 15km deep. The earthquake occurring on
25th of April, 2015 had a magnitude of 7.8 Mw with major aftershocks and
lasted approximately 50 seconds . This is a major earthquake and can cause
serious damage over large areas. The earthquake and its aftershocks were
the results of the convergent plate boundary between the Eurasian and the
Indian tectonic plate. Nepal is located above the plate boundaries, making it
more prone to earthquakes. Due to the collision of the two plates, pressure
was built up, which was then released eventually, resulting in an earthquake.
Problems towards the eviornment caused by the earthquake were that the
landslides and avalanches destroyed farms and forest, contamination of water
sources due to carcasses, debris from buildings, and hazardous waste
from laboratories and industries. In addition, landslides increased the risk of
flooding due to increased sedimentation in rivers, and temperature drop at
night, people decided to sleep outdoors due to aftershocks and
houses collapsing. Social problems were: 8,632 dead and 19,009 injured, Over
600 000 houses were destroyed, and people became homeless, a recorded
increase in mental health problems, damage of natural resources affected the
livelihood of thousands of people, 1.7 million children were driven out in
the open, avalanche killed 20 climbers, landslides is the village
of Ghodatabela killed around 250 people, historical sites were destroyed at
UNESCO World Heritage sites in the Kathmandu Valley as well as at
the Changu Narayan Temple and the Dharahara Tower. The economical
problems were Damage to housing, an immense impact on livelihood, health,
education, and the environment creating a huge loss of 5 billion pounds. Loss
of productivity due to loss of lives. The cost of lost productivity was estimated
at around 350 million pounds. Number of Harvests decreased or even lost.
The United States Geological Survey evaluated economic losses at nine per
cent to 50 per cent of gross domestic product (GDP), with the best guess
being 35 per cent. A short-term tourist revenue loss, which is one of
Nepal's biggest industry . Responses: Nepalese government declared a state
of emergency. The Nepalese army was assisting in rescue and recovery
work. Red cross provided help. India, China, and other countries sent rescue
teams, aid and total of $ 1 billion for support. The UK helped by sending over
100 search and rescue responders, medical experts, disaster and rescue
experts, and three Chinook helicopters for the Nepali government. Temporary
housing provided- 'Tent City' in Kathmandu. However the long term responses
were The Asian Development Bank provided $3 million grant to Nepal for
quick relief effort, it also provided $200 million for first phase of rehabilitation.
The UK provided £73 million altogether. £23 million was donated by the
government and £50 million was donated by the public.
The UK offered 30 tonnes of humanitarian aid and eight tonnes of equipment.
The UN established a fund “Nepal Earthquake 2015 Flash Appeal” whose goal
was to raise approximately 415 million dollars for Nepal's earthquake relief.
Samstag, 25. Juni 2022
13:45
Nepal earthquake
The plates India and the Eurasian plate collided. The plates have converged
meaning compression. The Eurasian plate over ridded the India plate. The
epicenter was about 34km east-southeast of Lamjung and 77 km northwest of
Kathmandu. The hypocenter was 15km deep. The earthquake occurring on
25th of April, 2015 had a magnitude of 7.8 Mw with major aftershocks and
lasted approximately 50 seconds . This is a major earthquake and can cause
serious damage over large areas. The earthquake and its aftershocks were
the results of the convergent plate boundary between the Eurasian and the
Indian tectonic plate. Nepal is located above the plate boundaries, making it
more prone to earthquakes. Due to the collision of the two plates, pressure
was built up, which was then released eventually, resulting in an earthquake.
Problems towards the eviornment caused by the earthquake were that the
landslides and avalanches destroyed farms and forest, contamination of water
sources due to carcasses, debris from buildings, and hazardous waste
from laboratories and industries. In addition, landslides increased the risk of
flooding due to increased sedimentation in rivers, and temperature drop at
night, people decided to sleep outdoors due to aftershocks and
houses collapsing. Social problems were: 8,632 dead and 19,009 injured, Over
600 000 houses were destroyed, and people became homeless, a recorded
increase in mental health problems, damage of natural resources affected the
livelihood of thousands of people, 1.7 million children were driven out in
the open, avalanche killed 20 climbers, landslides is the village
of Ghodatabela killed around 250 people, historical sites were destroyed at
UNESCO World Heritage sites in the Kathmandu Valley as well as at
the Changu Narayan Temple and the Dharahara Tower. The economical
problems were Damage to housing, an immense impact on livelihood, health,
education, and the environment creating a huge loss of 5 billion pounds. Loss
of productivity due to loss of lives. The cost of lost productivity was estimated
at around 350 million pounds. Number of Harvests decreased or even lost.
The United States Geological Survey evaluated economic losses at nine per
cent to 50 per cent of gross domestic product (GDP), with the best guess
being 35 per cent. A short-term tourist revenue loss, which is one of
Nepal's biggest industry . Responses: Nepalese government declared a state
of emergency. The Nepalese army was assisting in rescue and recovery
work. Red cross provided help. India, China, and other countries sent rescue
teams, aid and total of $ 1 billion for support. The UK helped by sending over
100 search and rescue responders, medical experts, disaster and rescue
experts, and three Chinook helicopters for the Nepali government. Temporary
housing provided- 'Tent City' in Kathmandu. However the long term responses
were The Asian Development Bank provided $3 million grant to Nepal for
quick relief effort, it also provided $200 million for first phase of rehabilitation.
The UK provided £73 million altogether. £23 million was donated by the
government and £50 million was donated by the public.
The UK offered 30 tonnes of humanitarian aid and eight tonnes of equipment.
The UN established a fund “Nepal Earthquake 2015 Flash Appeal” whose goal
was to raise approximately 415 million dollars for Nepal's earthquake relief.
