samenvatting desk reference DSM V 73 pagina's

overtreding van sociale normen betekent:

Antwoord: Het gedrag van een persoon kan als abnormaal bestempeld worden als het afwijkt van de sociale normen van die cultuur.

Overtreding van statistische norm betekend dat:

Antwoord: Het gedrag van een persoon extreem is gezien de norm. Als het weinig voorkomt is het abnormaal.

Persoonlijke leed heeft een aantal uitzonderingen. Deze uitzonderingen zijn dat persoonlijke stress:

Antwoord: Niet van toepassing is op alle stoornissen (antisociale persoonlijkheidsstoornis, gedragsstoornis, manie of hypomanie) en kan komen van 'normale' gebeurtenissen (oorlog, dood van naaste)

Wat is aantastend gedrag voor het leven van het individu?

Antwoord: Mensen met agorafobie kunnen moeite hebben met het uit huis gaan, werk vinden etc.

Wat is aantastend gedrag voor vrienden en familie?

Antwoord: Wanneer bijv. iemand met depressie zichzelf isoleert van vrienden en familie

Seperation anxiety disorder

Antwoord: A. Developmentally inappropriate and excessive fear or anxiety concerning separation from those to whom the individual is attached, evidenced by at least 3 of 8 criteria. B. In children and adolescents the fear/anxiety /avoidance lasts at least 4 weeks, in adults is should last at least 6 months. D. The disturbance is not better explained by for example delusions or hallucinations of separation in psychotic disorders, not wanting to leave the house because of fear of change in autism spectrum disorders.. etc.

Selective mutism

Antwoord: A. Failure to speak in situations in which there is an expectation for speaking despite speaking in other situations (therefore it’s called selective). C. The duration is at least 1 month (not limited to the first month of school) D. Failure to speak is not attributable to a lack of knowledge of/comfort with the spoken language.

Specific phobia - objects / situations

Antwoord: A. Fear or anxiety for a specific object or situation. In children this is expressed with behavioural symptoms (tantrums, screaming, freezing, clinging to parent). B. The phobic object or situations almost always provokes immediate fear or anxiety E. The fear, anxiety or avoidance lasts for more than 6 months. G. The fear or anxiety is not better explained by for example an extreme fear for separation, like in separation anxiety disorder. Specify the phobic stimulus (animal, height, needles, specific situation like flying etc.)

Social anxiety disorder (social phobia) - judgement / social rejection

Antwoord: A. Fear of anxiety about social situations in which the individual is exposed to scrutiny (kritische blik) by others. In children this anxiety must occur in peer settings, not just in interacting with adults. B. Fear to be embarrassing or humiliating to others which will lead to rejection. C. Social situations almost always provoke this anxiety. In children this is expressed with behavioural symptoms (tantrums, screaming, freezing, clinging to parent). E/F. The fear is out of proportion to the actual threat posed by the situation and lasts at least 6 months. H/I. The fear is not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance, or to symptoms from another mental disorder. Specify if performance only: the fear is restricted to speaking/performing in public.

Panic disorder - breathe through a straw in the lecture

Antwoord: A. Recurrent, unexpected panic attacks (abrupt intense fear or discomfort that peaks within minutes). The abrupt surge can occur from a calme state and from an anxious state. Out of 13 symptoms (such as paresthesias (numbness or tingling sensations) and derealisation (feeling of unreality) or depersonalization (being detached from oneself)), at least 4 should be experience in these surges. Note: culture-specific symptoms should not count as one of those 4. B. At least one experienced attack should be followed by either or both: persistent concern about having another attacks and its’ consequences, or a significant but maladaptive change in behaviour (avoidance for example) related to the previous panic attack. C. The disturbance is not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance of medical condition. D. The disturbance is not better explained by another mental disorder such as having a panic attack after seeing in snake, when you have a specific phobia for snakes.

Delayed ejaculation

Antwoord: SEXUAL DYSFUNCTIONSA. Symptoms must be experienced in (almost) all partnered sexual activities (or if generalized also in solo sex) without the person desiring delay (symptoms must be present for a minimum of approximately 6 months): - marked delay of ejaculation - marked infrequency or absence of ejaculation D. Symptoms cannot be better explained by severe relationships distress, non sexual mental disorder or the effects of substance/medication use. Specify whether: - lifelong (since the person became sexually active) - acquired (after a period of normal sexual functioning  generalized (not limited to type of stimulation, situation or partner)  situational (only with certain types of stimulation, situations or partners) Specify current severity: mild distress, moderate distress or severe distress over the symptoms in criterion A.

Erectile disorder

Antwoord: SEXUAL DYSFUNCTIONS A. at least one of three symptoms must be experienced in (almost) all sexual activities (symptoms must be present for a minimum of approximately 6 months): - difficulty in obtaining an erection during sexual activity - difficulty in maintaining the erection until the completion of the sexual activity - decrease in erectile rigidity D. Symptoms cannot be better explained by severe relationships distress, non sexual mental disorder or the effects of substance/medication use. Specify whether: - lifelong (since the person became sexually active) - acquired (after a period of normal sexual functioning  generalized (not limited to type of stimulation, situation or partner)  situational (only with certain types of stimulation, situations or partners) Specify current severity: mild distress, moderate distress or severe distress over the symptoms in criterion A.

Female orgasmic disorder

Antwoord: SEXUAL DYSFUNCTIONS A. At least one of two symptoms must be experienced in (almost) all sexual activities (symptoms must be present for a minimum of approximately 6 months): - delay in / infrequency of / absence of orgasm - reduced intensity of orgasmic sensations D. Symptoms cannot be better explained by severe relationships distress, non sexual mental disorder or the effects of substance/medication use. Specify whether: - lifelong (since the person became sexually active) - acquired (after a period of normal sexual functioning  generalized (not limited to type of stimulation, situation or partner)  situational (only with certain types of stimulation, situations or partners) Specify if: never experienced an orgasm under any situation Specify current severity: mild distress, moderate distress or severe distress over the symptoms in criterion A.

Female sexual interest / arousal disorder

Antwoord: SEXUAL DYSFUNCTIONS A. Lack of or reduced sexual arousal/interest, as manifested by at least three of the following (at least approximately 6 months): 1. absent/reduced interest in sexual activity 2. absent/reduced sexual/erotic thoughts and fantasies 3. no/reduced initiation of sexual activity, typically unreceptive to a partner’s attempts to initiate 4. absent/reduced sexual excitement/pleasure during sexual activity in (almost) all sexual encounters 5. absent/reduced sexual interest/arousal in response to any internal or external sexual/erotic cues 6. absent/reduced genital or nongenital sensations during sexual activity in (almost) all sexual encounters D. Symptoms cannot be better explained by severe relationships distress or other stressor, non sexual mental disorder or the effects of substance/medication use. Specify whether: - lifelong (since the person became sexually active) - acquired (after a period of normal sexual functioning  generalized (not limited to type of stimulation, situation or partner)  situational (only with certain types of stimulation, situations or partners) Specify current severity: mild distress, moderate distress or severe distress over the symptoms in criterion A.

Genito-pelvic Pain/Penetration disorder

Antwoord: SEXUAL DYSFUNCTIONS A. Persistent or recurrent difficulties with one or more of the following (for at least approximately 6 months): 1. vaginal penetration during intercourse 2. vulvovaginal or pelvic pain during vaginal intercourse or penetration attempts 3. fear or anxiety about vulvovaginal or pelvic pain anticipation of, during, or as a result of vaginal penetration 4. tensing or tightening of the pelvic floor muscles during attempted vaginal penetration D. Symptoms cannot be better explained by severe relationships distress or other stressor, non sexual mental disorder or the effects of substance/medication use. Specify whether: - lifelong (since the person became sexually active) - acquired (after a period of normal sexual functioning  generalized (not limited to type of stimulation, situation or partner)  situational (only with certain types of stimulation, situations or partners) Specify current severity: mild distress, moderate distress or severe distress over the symptoms in criterion A.

Obsessive compulsive disorder

Antwoord: OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE AND RELATED DISORDERS A. Presence of obsessions and/or compulsions Obsessions are defined by: - recurrent and persistent thoughts, urges or images that are intrusive and unwanted and often cause anxiety and distress - to ignore the thoughts, urges or images the person attempts to neutralize them with others thoughts or actions (compulsions) compulsions are: - repetitive behaviours or mental acts that need to be performed in response to an obsession or according to rules that must be applied rigidly - preventing or reducing anxiety or distress or some dreaded event or situation. These behaviours or mental acts are not realistically connected to the thing that needs to be neutralized, and are excessive. - Young children might not be able to articulate the aims of the compulsions B. The obsessions/compulsions take up at least 1 hour per day and cause clinically significant distress. Specify if: - With good or fair insight: individual realizes that the beliefs are (probably) not true - With poor insight: individual thinks the beliefs are probably true - With absent insight/delusional beliefs: individual is convinced the beliefs are true Specify if: - Tic related: current or past history of a tic disorder

Body dysmorphic disorder

Antwoord: OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE AND RELATED DISORDERS A. Preoccupation with perceived defects or flaws in appearance that are not really there or appear small to others. B. At some point the individual has performed repetitive behaviours or mental acts in response to the concerns about their appearance. D. The preoccupation with appearance is not better explained by an eating disorder. Specify if: - With muscle dysmorphia: preoccupation with the idea that their body build is too small small or is insufficiently muscular. Often also preoccupied with other body parts Specify degree of insight: - With good/fair insight: individual realizes that the BDD beliefs are probably or definitely not true or that they may/may not be true. - With poor insight: individual thinks that the beliefs are probably true. - With absent insight/delusional beliefs: individual is convinced that the beliefs are true.

Hoarding disorder

Antwoord: OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE AND RELATED DISORDERS A. Persistent difficulty discarding or parting with possessions, regardless of their actual value. B. Difficulty is due to perceived need to save items and to distress associated with discarding them C. Results in accumulation of possessions that clutter living areas and compromise the intended use of the possessions. Living areas are only uncluttered because of interventions. D. The hoarding causes distress and impairment Specify if: - With excessive acquisition: difficulty discarding is accompanied by excessive acquisition of new possessions for which there is no space or that are not needed. Specify if: - With good or fair insight: recognition that hoarding beliefs and/or behaviours are problematic - With poor insight: mostly convinced that beliefs and behaviours are not problematic despite contrary evidence. - With absent insight/delusional beliefs: completely convinced that beliefs/behaviours are not problematic despite contrary evidence.

Trichotillomania (Hair-pulling disease)

Antwoord: OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE AND RELATED DISORDERS A. recurrent pulling out of hair, resulting in hair loss B. repeated attempts to stop or decrease the hair pulling Causes distress/impairment, is not attributable to a medical disease or another mental condition.

Excoriation (skin-picking) disorder

Antwoord: OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE AND RELATED DISORDERS A. recurrent skin picking, resulting in skin lesions B. repeated attempts to stop or decrease the skin picking It causes distress/impairment, is not better explained by another mental disease or attributable to physiological effect of substance use or a medical condition