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What is nitrification?
What is nitrification?
Nitrification is the aerobic process that oxidizes ammonia/ammonium (NH3/NH4+) into nitrate NO3-, via nitrite (NO2-).
Name an inorganic sulfur-containing compound which is toxic to a wide variety of lifeforms and is sometimes produced in very large quantities in hypoxic/dead zones.
Name an inorganic sulfur-containing compound which is toxic to a wide variety of lifeforms and is so...
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S).
Briefly describe the microorganisms responsible for this process
Briefly describe the microorganisms responsible for this process
Microorganisms responsible for the sulfate reduction are referred to as sulfate reducers. There is a wide variety of sulfate reducers, which include strictly anaerobic chemolithoautotrophs and chemoorganoautotrophs (sulfate is their electron acceptor). Lithotrophic sulfate reducers generally hydrogen (H2) as electron donor, while organotrophic sulfate reducers use short chain fatty acids (i.e. formate, acetate, propionate, butyrate, but also lactate) as electron donors. Most sulfate reducers in marine sediments are members of the phyla Desulfobacterota and Firmicutes but there also few known archaeal sulfate reducers. Sulfate reducers often form syntrophic consortia with fermentative organisms.
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