WGU C785 Biochemistry

What is the basic structure of an amino acid? What do they look like? - amino group (NH2 or NH3), carboxyl group (COO or COOH), alpha carbon (C), and variable group How do you identify the 3 different types of side chains: non-polar/hydrophobic, polar, and charged? - Non-polar/hydrophobic - end with CH or "can't have" water. Polar - end with OH, SH, or NH. Charged - end with a charge what kinds of bonds do each of the 3 different types of side chains make? - ionic, hydrophobic/non-pola...

polymerase chain reaction (PCR) - process to copy DNA What is needed to complete PCR - Template DNA, Nucleotides (dNTPS), DNA Polymerase, and DNA Steps of PCR - denaturation, annealing, elongation denaturation - loss of normal shape of a protein due to heat or other factor Annealing - cooled to 50c primers stick and want to copy and add DNA polymerase Elongation - reaction heated to 70C and DNA polymerase add nucleotides building a new DNA strand. base excision repair - a modified base ...

Which mRNA sequence results in a polypeptide that contains three amino acids? - 5' - CUU GAU ACU UAG - 3' Which RNA sequence would end in the following polypeptide? Phe-Thr-Val-Stop - 5' - UUC ACA GUA UAA - 3' What is the complementary sequence for the following DNA sequence? 5' - GCC ATC TCG AAT - 3' - 5' - ATT CGA GAT GGC - 3' Assuming 100% reaction efficiency, how many DNA copies are created after the completion of four complete PCR cycles? - 16 What is the function of DNA pol...

Which level of protein structure is disrupted through the hydrolysis of peptide bonds? Quaternary Tertiary Primary Secondary - Primary The primary structure of a protein is the sequence of amino acids held together by peptide bonds. Peptide bonds are formed by dehydration reactions and disrupted by hydrolysis. A mutation in the beta-hemoglobin gene, which results in the replacement of the amino acid glutamate in position 6 with the amino acid valine, leads to the development of sickle...

Assuming 100% reaction efficiency, how many DNA copies are created after the completion of four complete PCR cycles? - 16 What is the function of DNA polymerase in the process of PCR? - It recognizes the primers and uses the available dNTPs to replicate the template DNA sequence. What are possible blood types of the parents of a patient with blood type AB? - A and B − Amino Acid Number Tyr Gly Thr Pro − Amino Acid Sequence TAC GGG ACA CCA − DNA Sequence What is the amino acid in p...

What is the basic structure of an amino acid? What do they look like? - amino group (NH2 or NH3), carboxyl group (COO or COOH), alpha carbon (C), and variable group How do you identify the 3 different types of side chains: non-polar/hydrophobic, polar, and charged? - Non-polar/hydrophobic - end with CH or "can't have" water. Polar - end with OH, SH, or NH. Charged - end with a charge what kinds of bonds do each of the 3 different types of side chains make? - ionic, hydrophobic/nonpolar, ...

Which level of protein structure is disrupted through the hydrolysis of peptide bonds? Quaternary Tertiary Primary Secondary - Primary The primary structure of a protein is the sequence of amino acids held together by peptide bonds. Peptide bonds are formed by dehydration reactions and disrupted by hydrolysis. A mutation in the beta-hemoglobin gene, which results in the replacement of the amino acid glutamate in position 6 with the amino acid valine, leads to the development of sickle ce...

Hemophilia Pedigree - Father has hemophilia, mother does not. What is the outcome for their kids? - His daughters would be carriers. This is x-link recessive. Autosomal: Dominant: - Autosomal: males and females equally affected. Dominant: non-carrier parents polymerase chain reaction (PCR) - The process of copying DNA in the lab. Uses Template DNA, Nucleotides (dNTPS), DNA Polymerase, and DNA primers. 3 Steps of PCR - 1. Denaturation: DNA is heated to 95C to separate it. 2. Annealing: re...

Males and Females are equally affected - Autosomal The process of copying DNA in the lab. - Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Template DNA, Nucleotides (dNTPS), DNA Polymerase, and DNA Primers. - What is needed for Polymerase Chain Reaction? Denaturing, Annealing, Elongating - What are the three steps of a Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)? Denaturing (DNA is heated up to separate it) - What is the first step of a Polymerase Chain Reaction? Cooling the Polymerase Chain Reaction. Primers stick ...

DNA replication is semiconservative, which allows each of the 2 strands to serve as a template for the new strands - true Recall that the DNA polymerase must bind a double-stranded polymer before it can start making its own DNA polymer. What helps the DNA polymerase to overcome this problem in DNA replication? - RNA primers Several components of cigarette smoke, including benzopyrene, insert themselves into the DNA and lead to several types of mutations such as frameshift mutations, includ...