WGU C785 Biochemistry

What are lipids? Relatively small bio-molecules that are insoluble in water but are significantly soluble in less polar solvents. What are the 6 roles of lipids? 1. Energy storage. 2. Structural units of membranes 3. Some hormones and vitamins. 4. Emulsifiers 5. Signal transduction 6. Protective coating What are the 5 basic types of lipids? 1. Fatty Acids 2. Glycerides 3. Membrane structural lipids 4. Isoprenoids 5. Steroids What are the 2 most common types of membrane structura...

Hydrogen bond Weak bond interaction Between two molecules amino group Consists of hydrogen and nitrogen atoms (-NH3+) macromolecules A giant molecule in a living organism formed by the joining of smaller molecules: a protein, carbohydrate, or nucleic acid. polymer a long molecule consisting of many similar or identical building blocks linked by covalent bonds Amino acid Amino group + Carboxylic acid + R group = Amino acid carboxyl group A -COOH group, found in organic acids. Coo-, ...

Describe the central dogma of life - Replication> Dna> Transcription> RNA> Translation> Protein label both strands of DNA whether they are coding or non-coding, and template or non-template - point mutation - gene mutation in which a single base pair in DNA has been changed silent mutation - A mutation that changes a single nucleotide, but does not change the amino acid coded for missense mutation - A base-pair substitution that results in a codon that codes for a ...

1. During gluconeogenesis, how many ATP molecules are consumed for each glucose molecule produced? - 6 2. Which molecule signals the liver to release glucose by breaking down glycogen? - Glucagon 3. Which molecule is regenerated with the production of lactate during anaerobic metabolism? - NAD+ 4. During aerobic metabolism, acetyl-CoA is produced from which molecule? - Pyruvate 5. Why would a marathon runner consume a large meal full of complex carbohydrates the night before her run? - ...

Bohr effect - a decrease in the amount of oxygen associated with hemoglobin and other respiratory compounds in response to a lowered blood pH resulting from an increased concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood. Cooperativity - Structural communication between various subunits of hemoglobin, a result of its quaternary structure. Deoxyhemoglobin - The form of hemoglobin without oxygen. Oxyhemoglobin - Combination of hemoglobin with oxygen

Activation Energy Energy required to start a chemical reaction. Amino acid Amino group + Carboxylic acid + R group = Amino acid Catalyst Speed up chemical reactions but remain unchanged by the reaction. Chaperones Molecules that help fold a newly made polypeptide. Competitive inhibitor Compete with substrates for binding sites. (Little blockers) Denaturation Process of ruining the functional structure of a molecule. It will no longer be able to carryout it's intended function. Dis...

1. Activation Energy - The energy required to start a chemical reaction. 2. Amino acid - An amino acid is a small molecule containing an amino group and a carboxylic acid group as well as a side chain of variable structure, called an R group 3. Catalyst - substances that speed up chemical reactions and remain unchanged by the reaction they facilitate 4. Chaperones - Helper molecules that assist the folding of a newly made polypeptide. 5. Competitive inhibitor - A molecule which competes ...

DNA - A complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes. RNA - A single-stranded nucleic acid that passes along genetic messages Central Dogma - DNA->transcription->RNA->translation->protein Bases of DNA - Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine Bases of RNA - Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Uracil Nucleotide - A building block of DNA, consisting of a five-carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group. Nucleic Aci...

Amino Group - Consists of hydrogen and nitrogen atoms (NH3+) Carboxyl Group - Consists of carbons and oxygens (COO-) R Group - The variable group within an Amino Acid Amino Acid Backbone - Consists of the Amino Group (NH3+) the Carboxyl Group (COO-) and the Alpha Carbon that bonds to a Hydrogen Monomer - A small chemical unit that makes up a polymer Polymer - A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together. Polypeptide - A polymer (chain) of many amino ac...

Choose the correct coding strand (non-template) from this template (non-coding) DNA: 5' ATC GAT 3' 3' TAG CTA 5' If one strand of chromosome 2 has a DNA sequence that consists of this: 5' AGA CTA ATT GCC 3', what will be the composition of the complementary DNA strand? (Select all that apply) 3' TCT GAT TAA CGG 5' 5' GGC AAT TAG TCT 3' The following sequence is the coding strand of the collagen gene: 5' GGC AAA TAT CGA 3' What is the sequence of the corresponding mRNA?5' GG...